Effective STL 学习笔记 39 ~ 41
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Table of Contents
1 Make Predicate pure Function
纯函数 (Pure Function) 是指输出仅在输入变化时才发生变化的的函数，换句话说，该类型函数的输出不依赖于输入之外的任何东西，例如自身状态或者全局变量。这也是 Functional Programming 中的一个重要概念。 C++ 中用于 STL 算法的
Functor 是一些 Predicate Class ，这些 Class 的 operator() 是预测函数，这些 Predicate Class
的 operator() 也应该是纯函数，且不能修改 Class 内部成员变量 —— 换句话说，典型的 Const Member
Function。
- Predicate Functions should be pure function.
- Predicate Class should make operator() const member function.
2 Make Functor classes adaptable
~~(╯﹏╰)b， 各种从 unary/binary_function 继承过来的东东。。。。见下面的代码。。。
3 ptr_fun, mem_fun and mem_fun_ref
这几个函数用于生成前面提到的 unary/binary_function:
// 20.3.7 adaptors pointers functions
/** @defgroup pointer_adaptors Adaptors for pointers to functions
* @ingroup functors
*
* The advantage of function objects over pointers to functions is that
* the objects in the standard library declare nested typedefs describing
* their argument and result types with uniform names (e.g., @c result_type
* from the base classes @c unary_function and @c binary_function).
* Sometimes those typedefs are required, not just optional.
*
* Adaptors are provided to turn pointers to unary (single-argument) and
* binary (double-argument) functions into function objects. The
* long-winded functor @c pointer_to_unary_function is constructed with a
* function pointer @c f, and its @c operator() called with argument @c x
* returns @c f(x). The functor @c pointer_to_binary_function does the same
* thing, but with a double-argument @c f and @c operator().
*
* The function @c ptr_fun takes a pointer-to-function @c f and constructs
* an instance of the appropriate functor.
*
* @{
*/
/// One of the @link pointer_adaptors adaptors for function pointers@endlink.
template<typename _Arg, typename _Result>
class pointer_to_unary_function : public unary_function<_Arg, _Result>
{
protected:
_Result (*_M_ptr)(_Arg); public:
pointer_to_unary_function() { } explicit
pointer_to_unary_function(_Result (*__x)(_Arg))
: _M_ptr(__x) { } _Result
operator()(_Arg __x) const
{ return _M_ptr(__x); }
}; /// One of the @link pointer_adaptors adaptors for function pointers@endlink.
template<typename _Arg1, typename _Arg2, typename _Result>
class pointer_to_binary_function
: public binary_function<_Arg1, _Arg2, _Result>
{
protected:
_Result (*_M_ptr)(_Arg1, _Arg2); public:
pointer_to_binary_function() { } explicit
pointer_to_binary_function(_Result (*__x)(_Arg1, _Arg2))
: _M_ptr(__x) { } _Result
operator()(_Arg1 __x, _Arg2 __y) const
{ return _M_ptr(__x, __y); }
}; /// One of the @link pointer_adaptors adaptors for function pointers@endlink.
template<typename _Arg, typename _Result>
inline pointer_to_unary_function<_Arg, _Result>
ptr_fun(_Result (*__x)(_Arg))
{ return pointer_to_unary_function<_Arg, _Result>(__x); } /// One of the @link pointer_adaptors adaptors for function pointers@endlink.
template<typename _Arg1, typename _Arg2, typename _Result>
inline pointer_to_binary_function<_Arg1, _Arg2, _Result>
ptr_fun(_Result (*__x)(_Arg1, _Arg2))
{ return pointer_to_binary_function<_Arg1, _Arg2, _Result>(__x); } /**
* This is one of the @link functors functor base classes@endlink.
*/
template<typename _Arg, typename _Result>
struct unary_function
{
/// @c argument_type is the type of the argument
typedef _Arg argument_type; /// @c result_type is the return type
typedef _Result result_type;
}; /**
* This is one of the @link functors functor base classes@endlink.
*/
template<typename _Arg1, typename _Arg2, typename _Result>
struct binary_function
{
/// @c first_argument_type is the type of the first argument
typedef _Arg1 first_argument_type; /// @c second_argument_type is the type of the second argument
typedef _Arg2 second_argument_type; /// @c result_type is the return type
typedef _Result result_type;
}; // 20.3.8 adaptors pointers members
/** @defgroup memory_adaptors Adaptors for pointers to members
* @ingroup functors
*
* There are a total of 8 = 2^3 function objects in this family.
* (1) Member functions taking no arguments vs member functions taking
* one argument.
* (2) Call through pointer vs call through reference.
* (3) Const vs non-const member function.
*
* All of this complexity is in the function objects themselves. You can
* ignore it by using the helper function mem_fun and mem_fun_ref,
* which create whichever type of adaptor is appropriate.
*
* @{
*/
/// One of the @link memory_adaptors adaptors for member
/// pointers@endlink.
template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp>
class mem_fun_t : public unary_function<_Tp*, _Ret>
{
public:
explicit
mem_fun_t(_Ret (_Tp::*__pf)())
: _M_f(__pf) { } _Ret
operator()(_Tp* __p) const
{ return (__p->*_M_f)(); } private:
_Ret (_Tp::*_M_f)();
}; /// One of the @link memory_adaptors adaptors for member
/// pointers@endlink.
template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp>
class mem_fun_ref_t : public unary_function<_Tp, _Ret>
{
public:
explicit
mem_fun_ref_t(_Ret (_Tp::*__pf)())
: _M_f(__pf) { } _Ret
operator()(_Tp& __r) const
{ return (__r.*_M_f)(); } private:
_Ret (_Tp::*_M_f)();
}; // Mem_fun adaptor helper functions. There are only two:
// mem_fun and mem_fun_ref.
template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp>
inline mem_fun_t<_Ret, _Tp>
mem_fun(_Ret (_Tp::*__f)())
{ return mem_fun_t<_Ret, _Tp>(__f); } template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp>
inline mem_fun_ref_t<_Ret, _Tp>
mem_fun_ref(_Ret (_Tp::*__f)())
{ return mem_fun_ref_t<_Ret, _Tp>(__f); }
简单来说：
- ptr_fun 用于将函数指针转换成 unay_function 或者 binary_function
- mem_fun 用于将成员函数指针转换成 unay_function 或者 binary_function
- mem_fun_ref
同 mem_fun ，不同之处在于 mem_fun 返回的 Functor 接受的是对象指针，而 mem_fun_ref 返回的
Functor 接受的参数为对象引用。
在使用 STL 时候，尽量使用上述的三个函数来生成 functor。
（转载请注明出处，使用许可：署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 3.0 *许可协议 。）