备份是我们运维人员最基本的日常工作,做好备份是稳定运维的一个重要环节。下面分享两个使用过的简单备份脚本:
1)网站数据备份
将网站数据/var/www/vhost/www.hqsb.com和/var/www/vhost/www.huanqiu.com分别备份到:
/Data/code-backup/www.hqsb.com和/Data/code-backup/www.huanqiu.com下。
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[root@huanqiu_web5 code-backup] # cat web_code_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash #备份网站数据 /bin/tar -zvcf /Data/code-backup/www .huanqiu.com /www .huanqiu.com_` date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S`. tar .gz /var/www/vhosts/www .huanqiu.com
/bin/tar -zvcf /Data/code-backup/www .hqsb.com /www .hqsb.com_` date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S`. tar .gz /var/www/vhosts/www .hqsb.com
#删除一周之前的备份文件 find /Data/code-backup/www .huanqiu.com - type f -mtime +7 - exec rm -f {} \;
find /Data/code-backup/www .hqsb.com - type f -mtime +7 - exec rm -f {} \;
[root@huanqiu_web5 ~] # crontab -l
#每天凌晨5点备份网站数据 0 5 * * * /bin/bash -x /Data/code-backup/web_code_backup .sh > /dev/null 2>&1
备份后的效果如下: [root@huanqiu_web5 ~] # ls /Data/code-backup/www.huanqiu.com/
www.huanqiu.com_20170322_174328. tar .gz
[root@xqsj_web5 ~] # ls /Data/code-backup/www.hqsb.com/
www.hqsb.com_20170322_174409. tar .gz
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2)数据库备份(自动删除10天前的备份文件)
数据库服务使用的是阿里云的mysql,远程进行定时的全量备份,备份到本地,以防万一。mysql数据库远程备份的数据最好打包压缩
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[root@huanqiuPC crontab ] # pwd
/Data/Mysql_Bakup/crontab [root@huanqiuPC crontab ] # cat backup_db_wangshibo.sh
#!/bin/bash MYSQL= "/usr/bin/mysql"
MYSQLDUMP= "/usr/bin/mysqldump"
BACKUP_DIR= "/Data/Mysql_Bakup"
#DB_SOCKET="/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock" DB_hostname= "110.120.11.9"
DBNAME= "wangshibo"
DB_USER= "db_wangshibo"
DB_PASS= "mhxzk3rfzh"
TIME=` date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`
LOCK_FILE= "${BACKUP_DIR}/lock_file.tmp"
BKUP_LOG= "/Data/Mysql_Backup/${TIME}_bkup.log"
DEL_BAK=` date -d '10 days ago' '+%Y%m%d' `
##To judge lock_file if [[ -f $LOCK_FILE ]]; then
exit 255
else echo $$ > $LOCK_FILE
fi ##dump databases## echo ${TIME} >> ${BKUP_LOG}
echo "=======Start Bakup============" >>${BKUP_LOG}
#${MYSQLDUMP} -h ${DB_hostname} -u${DB_USER} -p${DB_PASS} --databases ${DBNAME} | gzip -9 > ${BACKUP_DIR}/${TIME}.${DBNAME}.gz ${MYSQLDUMP} -h ${DB_hostname} -u${DB_USER} -p${DB_PASS} --databases ${DBNAME} | gzip -9 > ${BACKUP_DIR}/${TIME}.${DBNAME}.gz
echo "=======Finished Bakup============" >>${BKUP_LOG}
/bin/rm -f ${LOCK_FILE}
##del back 10 days before## /bin/rm -f ${BACKUP_DIR}/${DEL_BAK}*.gz
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定时进行备份
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[root@huanqiuPC Mysql_Bakup] # crontab -l
10 0,6,12,18 * * * /bin/bash /Data/Mysql_Bakup/crontab/backup_db_wangshibo .sh > /dev/null 2>&1
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脚本执行后的备份效果如下
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[root@huanqiuPC crontab ] # cd /Data/Mysql_Bakup
[root@huanqiuPC Mysql_Bakup] # ls
20161202061001.wangshibo.gz |
同步线上数据库到beta环境数据库(覆盖beta数据库):
将上面定时备份的数据包拷贝到beta机器上,然后解压,登陆mysql,source命令进行手动覆盖。
--------------------------------------------------------------------再看一例-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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[root@backup online_bak] # cat rsync.sh (脚本中的同步:限速3M,保留最近一个月的备份)
#!/bin/bash # ehr data backup---------------------------------------------------------- cd /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.34.27 /tomcat_data/
/usr/bin/rsync -e "ssh -p22222" -avpgolr --bwlimit=3072 192.168.34.27: /data/tomcat7/webapps /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.34.27 /tomcat_data/ ` date +%Y%m%d`
/bin/tar -zvcf ` date +%Y%m%d`. tar .gz ` date +%Y%m%d`
rm -rf ` date +%Y%m%d`
cd /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.34.27 /tomcat_data/
NUM1=` ls -l| awk '{print $9}' | grep 2017| wc -l`
I1=$( /usr/bin/expr $NUM1 - 30 )
ls -l| awk '{print $9}' | grep 2017| sed -n "1,$I1 p" | xargs rm -f
# zp data backup---------------------------------------------------------- cd /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.34.33 /tomcat_data/
/usr/bin/rsync -e "ssh -p22222" -avpgolr --bwlimit=3072 192.168.34.33: /data/tomcat8/webapps /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.34.33 /tomcat_data/ ` date +%Y%m%d`
/bin/tar -zvcf ` date +%Y%m%d`. tar .gz ` date +%Y%m%d`
rm -rf ` date +%Y%m%d`
cd /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.34.33 /tomcat_data/
NUM2=` ls -l| awk '{print $9}' | grep 2017| wc -l`
I2=$( /usr/bin/expr $NUM2 - 30 )
ls -l| awk '{print $9}' | grep 2017| sed -n "1,$I2 p" | xargs rm -f
cd /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.34.33 /upload
/usr/bin/rsync -e "ssh -p22222" -avpgolr --bwlimit=3072 192.168.34.33: /home/zrx_hr/upload /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.34.33 /upload/ ` date +%Y%m%d`
/bin/tar -zvcf ` date +%Y%m%d`. tar .gz ` date +%Y%m%d`
rm -rf ` date +%Y%m%d`
cd /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.34.33 /upload
NUM3=` ls -l| awk '{print $9}' | grep 2017| wc -l`
I3=$( /usr/bin/expr $NUM3 - 30 )
ls -l| awk '{print $9}' | grep 2017| sed -n "1,$I3 p" | xargs rm -f
# zabbix mysql backup---------------------------------------------------------- /bin/mkdir /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.16.21 /mysql_data/ ` date +%Y%m%d`
/data/mysql/bin/mysqldump -hlocalhost -uroot -pBKJK-@@@-12345 --databases zabbix > /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.16.21 /mysql_data/ ` date +%Y%m%d` /zabbix .sql
cd /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.16.21 /mysql_data/
/bin/tar -zvcf ` date +%Y%m%d`. tar .gz ` date +%Y%m%d`
rm -rf ` date +%Y%m%d`
cd /data/bak/online_bak/192 .168.16.21 /mysql_data/
NUM4=` ls -l| awk '{print $9}' | grep 2017| wc -l`
I4=$( /usr/bin/expr $NUM4 - 30 )
ls -l| awk '{print $9}' | grep 2017| sed -n "1,$I4 p" | xargs rm -f
[root@backup online_bak] # pwd
/data/bak/online_bak [root@backup online_bak] # ls
192.168.16.21 rsync .sh
192.168.34.27 192.168.34.33 [root@backup online_bak] # ll
total 10K drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 Aug 19 17:47 192.168.16.21 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 41 Aug 19 18:30 192.168.34.27 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 37 Aug 19 18:17 192.168.34.33 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6.3K Aug 19 19:20 rsync .sh
[root@backup online_bak] # ll 192.168.16.21/
total 4.0K drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 28 Aug 19 19:43 mysql_data [root@backup online_bak] # ll 192.168.16.21/mysql_data/
total 1.5G -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.5G Aug 19 19:43 20170819. tar .gz
[root@backup online_bak] # ll 192.168.34.27
total 4.0K drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Aug 19 19:26 tomcat_data [root@backup online_bak] # ll 192.168.34.27/tomcat_data/
total 3.9G ...... -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 140M Aug 19 11:06 20170818. tar .gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 140M Aug 19 19:26 20170819. tar .gz
[root@backup online_bak] # ll 192.168.34.33
total 8.0K drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Aug 19 19:26 tomcat_data drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 28 Aug 19 19:30 upload [root@backup online_bak] # crontab -l
# online backup 0 2 * * * /bin/bash -x /data/bak/online_bak/rsync .sh > /dev/null 2>&1
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取一个目录下,按照文件/目录的修改时间来排序,取最后一次修改的文件 [work@qd- op -comm01 xcspam]$ ls
bin xcspam-20170802145542 xcspam-20170807204545 xcspam-20170814115753 xcspam-20170818115806 xcspam-20170824162641 xcspam-20170831173616 xcspam xcspam-20170802194447 xcspam-20170808163425 xcspam-20170815191150 xcspam-20170821122949 xcspam-20170824165020 xcspam-20170831191347 xcspam-20170731154018 xcspam-20170803113809 xcspam-20170808195340 xcspam-20170815210032 xcspam-20170821153300 xcspam-20170829100941 xcspam-20170904105109 xcspam-20170801190647 xcspam-20170807150022 xcspam-20170809103648 xcspam-20170816141022 xcspam-20170822173600 xcspam-20170831135623 xcspam-20170911120519 xcspam-20170802142921 xcspam-20170807164137 xcspam-20170809111246 xcspam-20170816190704 xcspam-20170823101913 xcspam-20170831160115 xcspam-20170911195802 [work@qd- op -comm01 xcspam]$ ls -rtd xcspam* | tail -1
xcspam-20170911195802 [work@qd- op -comm01 xcspam]$ ls -rtd xcspam* | tail -2| head -1 // 这是倒数第二个被修改的文件
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