异常机制
1.什么是异常:
异常的分类:
package com.sj.exception;
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(11/0);
}
}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at com.sj.exception.Demo01.main(Demo01.java:5)
Process finished with exit code 1
2.异常体系结构:
Error:
Exception:
3.Java异常处理机制:
4.处理异常:
package com.sj.exception;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Test().test(1,0);
//finally 可以不要finally, 假设IO流,资源,关闭
}
//假设这个方法中,处理不了这个异常。方法上抛出异常
public void test(int a,int b) throws ArithmeticException{
if (b==0){// throw throws
throw new ArithmeticException();//主动的抛出异常,一般在方法中使用
}
System.out.println(a/b);
}
}
/*
//假设要捕获多个异常: 从小到大!
try{ //try监控区域
//new Test().a();
if (b==0){// throw throws
throw new ArithmeticException();//主动抛出异常
}
System.out.println(a/b);
}catch (Error e){ //catch(想要捕获的异常类型!) 捕获异常
System.out.println("程序出现异常,变量b不能为0");
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println("Exception");
}catch (Throwable e){
System.out.println("Throwable");
}finally { //处理善后工作
System.out.println("finally");
}
*/
/*
public void a(){
b();
}
public void b(){
a();
}
*/
package com.sj.exception;
public class Test2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 1;
int b = 0;
//command + option + T(mac)
//ctrl + alt + t(win)
try {
System.out.println(a/b);
} catch (Exception e) {
//System.exit(1); 主动结束程序
e.printStackTrace();//打印错误的栈信息
} finally {
}
}
}
5.自定义异常:
package com.sj.exception.demo02;
//自定义的异常类
public class MyException extends Exception{
//传递数字>10;
private int detail;
public MyException(int a) {
this.detail = a;
}
//toString:异常的打印信息
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyException{" +
"detail=" + detail +
'}';
}
}
package com.sj.exception.demo02;
public class Test {
//可能会存在异常的方法
static void test(int a) throws MyException {
System.out.println("传递的参数为:"+ a);
if(a >10){
throw new MyException(a); //抛出
}
System.out.println("OK");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
test(11);
} catch (MyException e) {
//增加一些处理异常的代码块~
System.out.println("Myexception=>"+e);
}
}
}
6.总结: