文章目录
Docker相关命令常用参数
[root@localhost ~]# docker --
--add-host --cpu-shares --env-file --kernel-memory --no-healthcheck --stop-signal
--attach --detach --expose --label --oom-kill-disable --stop-timeout
--blkio-weight --detach-keys --gpus --label-file --oom-score-adj --storage-opt
--blkio-weight-device --device --group-add --link --pid --sysctl
--cap-add --device-cgroup-rule --health-cmd --link-local-ip --pids-limit --tmpfs
--cap-drop --device-read-bps --health-interval --log-driver --privileged --tty
--cgroupns --device-read-iops --health-retries --log-opt --publish --ulimit
--cgroup-parent --device-write-bps --health-start-period --mac-address --publish-all --user
--cidfile --device-write-iops --health-timeout --memory --pull --userns
--cpu-period --disable-content-trust=false --help --memory-reservation --read-only --uts
--cpu-quota --dns --hostname --memory-swap --restart --volume
--cpu-rt-period --dns-option --init --memory-swappiness --rm --volume-driver
--cpu-rt-runtime --dns-search --interactive --mount --runtime --volumes-from
--cpus --domainname --ip --name --security-opt --workdir
--cpuset-cpus --entrypoint --ip6 --network --shm-size
--cpuset-mems --env --ipc --network-alias --sig-proxy=false
1、构建镜像
为了完成save与load,需要首先构建一个新的镜像,区别其他镜像;
#爬取centos最新版本镜像文件,若已经本地存在,则忽略此步骤
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 months ago 231MB
#使用DockerFile构建新镜像文件,区分与新爬取的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/docker_test
FROM centos
RUN yum install -y vim
RUN yum install -y net-tools
CMD /bin/bash
#创建新镜像,镜像版本自定义
[root@localhost ~]# docker build -f /tmp/docker_test -t mycentos:1.1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 10.67MB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/4 : RUN yum install -y vim
---> Running in fd8ea201e781
Complete!
Removing intermediate container fd8ea201e781
---> 705f34782fe8
Step 3/4 : RUN yum install -y net-tools
---> Running in 2b55f92b2400
Transaction Summary
Complete!
Removing intermediate container 2b55f92b2400
---> 3cf9004e05db
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in 6f5051dd5df6
Removing intermediate container 6f5051dd5df6
---> a57146ea148c
Successfully built a57146ea148c
Successfully tagged mycentos:1.1
#查看自定义镜像是否与源镜像存在区别
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mycentos 1.1 a57146ea148c 6 seconds ago 322MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 months ago 231MB
2、docker save&load
#查看save帮助信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker save --help
Usage: docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
Options:
-o, --output string Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
#保存新镜像为压缩文件(镜像保存的方式为tar文件)
[root@localhost ~]# docker save mycentos:1.1 -o /tmp/docker_test.tar
#查看保存后的文件
[root@localhost ~]# ll -dh /tmp/docker_test.tar
-rw-------. 1 root root 316M Nov 25 23:45 /tmp/docker_test.tar
#为了区分导入效果,删除已经存在的新镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi mycentos:1.1
Untagged: mycentos:1.1
Deleted: sha256:a57146ea148c22072e0d38f0a54f1f6980a41a635569e0bd0cbe0ca20a16056a
Deleted: sha256:3cf9004e05db213e83d5d2a07437aefdc027ea5a6231975442c53965697e81e8
Deleted: sha256:567a09c801ae815e0f77d51d5a53b199d63dff41a7018507403cb20a7c1719c2
Deleted: sha256:705f34782fe83875c7b93ff02b355a3d1a0f1254e1999c4473e1060be1c45a8e
Deleted: sha256:ea725633ca1e7902c20ad8f8955108e2ce1159f3a74be4cc3918206a5f5fb3d4
#查看load帮助信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker load --help
Usage: docker load [OPTIONS]
Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
Options:
-i, --input string Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
-q, --quiet Suppress the load output
#使用load导入相关tar文件
[root@localhost ~]# docker load -i /tmp/docker_test.tar
df73d6b025a6: Loading layer [==================================================>] 65.34MB/65.34MB
53aeac00a22a: Loading layer [==================================================>] 27.04MB/27.04MB
Loaded image: mycentos:1.1
#查看导入结果
[root@localhost ~]# docker images | grep centos
mycentos 1.1 a57146ea148c 8 minutes ago 322MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 months ago 231MB
3、docker export&import
#查看export帮助信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker export --help
Usage: docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
Options:
-o, --output string Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
#使用新镜像创建新容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name docker_test_001 -d mycentos:1.1
4f0bddcc627d85e1d1e94ae4b7fb42afcc5cb937f8760ff10b53887122503366
#查看新创建的容器信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4f0bddcc627d mycentos:1.1 "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds docker_test_001
#使用export导出新创建的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker export docker_test_001 -o /tmp/docker_test2.tar
#查看导出文件
[root@localhost ~]# ll -hd /tmp/docker_test2.tar
-rw-------. 1 root root 280M Nov 25 23:55 /tmp/docker_test2.tar
#查看import帮助信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker import --help
Usage: docker import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
Options:
-c, --change list Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
-m, --message string Set commit message for imported image
--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
#使用import导入tar文件,并修改名称(将容器文件导入为镜像文件)
[root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/docker_test2.tar | docker import - docker_imtest:1.1
sha256:9ec265f446a211c7f3518aa927ffbc436ee20f12d00352ed8bb02b23bb79902e
4、梳理与总结
export和import 导出的内容是一个容器的快照,并不是镜像本身,没有layer,快照文件会导致容器丢失所有的历史记录与元数据信息,而使用save和load保存的镜像文件则可以保留此两种内容,但是其体积更大;
- docker load 加载镜像包、 docker import 加载容器包,两者都将其恢复为镜像;
- docker load不能对镜像重命名、docker import可以为镜像指定新名称;