Spring MVC的配置和使用

2021-11-30 03:19:53

Spring MVC的配置和使用

笔记仓库：https://github.com/nnngu/LearningNotes

Spring MVC需要的jar包

文章中 Spring MVC 使用的版本是 3.2.18 ，需要的 jar 包如下：

spring-webmvc

jstl 1.1.2

aopalliance 1.0

commons-logging 1.1.1

spring-aop

spring-beans

spring-context

spring-core

spring-expression

spring-web

使用 Maven 构建的 Java 项目，需要在 pom.xml 中添加如下依赖：

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

            <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>jstl</groupId>

            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>

            <version>1.1.2</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>

            <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>

            <version>1.0</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>

            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>

            <version>1.1.1</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>

            <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>

            <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>

            <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>

            <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>

            <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>

            <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

前期准备

1、在com.nnngu.entity包下创建 User.java

代码如下：

package com.nnngu.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    private String pwd;

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    public Integer getAge() {

        return age;

    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

    public String getPwd() {

        return pwd;

    }

    public void setPwd(String pwd) {

        this.pwd = pwd;

    }

}

2、在下图所示的位置创建两个 jsp 页面

create.jsp的代码如下：

<%--

  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.

  User: lijiawei

  Date: 13/02/2018

  Time: 14:08

  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.

--%>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"

         pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

    <title>创建用户</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="save" method="post">

    <fieldset>

        <legend>创建用户</legend>

        <p>

            <label>姓名：</label> <input type="text" id="name" name="name"

                                      tabindex="1">

        </p>

        <p>

            <label>年龄：</label> <input type="text" id="age" name="age"

                                      tabindex="2">

        </p>

        <p>

            <label>密码：</label> <input type="text" id="pwd" name="pwd"

                                      tabindex="3">

        </p>

        <p id="buttons">

            <input id="reset" type="reset" tabindex="4" value="重置"> <input

                id="submit" type="submit" tabindex="5" value="创建">

        </p>

    </fieldset>

</form>

</body>

</html>

detail.jsp 的代码如下：

<%--

  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.

  User: lijiawei

  Date: 13/02/2018

  Time: 14:08

  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.

--%>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"

         pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

    <title>用户详情</title>

</head>

<body>

<div id="gloobal">

    <h4>创建成功</h4>

    <p>

    <h5>详情：</h5>

    姓名：${user.name}<br/>

    年龄：${user.age}<br/>

    密码：${user.pwd}<br/>

    </p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

配置Spring MVC

1、在 web.xml 文件中进行如下配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"

         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"

         version="3.1">

    <filter>

        <description>字符集过滤器</description>

        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>

        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>

        <init-param>

            <description>字符集编码</description>

            <param-name>encoding</param-name>

            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>

        </init-param>

    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>

        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>

        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

    </filter-mapping>

    <servlet>

        <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>

        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

        <init-param>

            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

            <param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc-context.xml</param-value>

        </init-param>

        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>

        <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>

        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

2、在下图所示的位置创建 springmvc-context.xml

springmvc-context.xml的代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans:beans xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

             xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

             xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

             xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd ">

    <!-- 对包中的所有类进行扫描，以完成Bean创建和自动依赖注入的功能 -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.nnngu"/>

    <!-- 启动基于Spring MVC的注解功能，将控制器与方法映射加入到容器中 -->

    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 这个类用于Spring MVC视图解析 -->

    <beans:bean id="viewResolver"

                class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

        <beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>

        <beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>

    </beans:bean>

</beans:beans>

3、编写 Controller

在上图所示的位置创建 UserController.java ，代码如下：

package com.nnngu;

import com.nnngu.entity.User;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.ui.Model;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**

 * 用户管理

 */

@Controller

public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("")

    public String Create(Model model) {

        return "create";

    }

    @RequestMapping("/save")

    public String Save(@ModelAttribute("form") User user, Model model) { // user:视图层传给控制层的表单对象；  model:控制层返回给视图层的对象

        model.addAttribute("user", user);

        return "detail";

    }

}

测试

启动项目，在浏览器输入 localhost:8080

测试成功。

码农公寓

Spring MVC需要的jar包

前期准备

配置Spring MVC

测试

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