postman Tests断言
在 postman 中封装了我们常见的断言(Tests)，Tests 除了可以作为断言，还可以当做后置处理器，经常应用于：
- 获取当前接口的响应，传递给下一个接口
- 控制多个接口间的执行顺序。
其中以下 8 种与预置脚本中的一致，这些严格意义上并不是断言而是辅助进行参数化的，与预置脚本相比唯一的不同在于生效时间，预置脚本在请求前生效，断言在请求后生效。
- pm.environment.get("variable_key");
- pm.globals.get("variable_key");
- pm.variables.get("variable_key");
- pm.environment.set("variable_key", "variable_value");
- pm.globals.set("variable_key", "variable_value");
- pm.environment.unset("variable_key");
- pm.globals.unset("variable_key");
- pm.sendRequest("https://postman-echo.com/get", function (err, response) { console.log(response.json());});
除去上面 8 种断言外，其他断言的含义如下：
案例：
- 请求地址：https://{{IP}}/cgi-bin/tags/get?access_token={{access_token}}（微信公众号-获取公众号已创建的标签）
- 请求方式：https
- 请求方式：get
- 参数：access_token
- 响应数据
{ "tags": [ { "id": 2, "name": "星标组", "count": 0 }, { "id": 100, "name": "学习1605677877", "count": 0 }, { "id": 101, "name": "我们的乔治20来斤1111111", "count": 0 }, { "id": 104, "name": "学习", "count": 0 }, { "id": 105, "name": "学习0", "count": 0 }, { "id": 106, "name": "学习01", "count": 0 }, { "id": 107, "name": "学习0100", "count": 0 }, { "id": 108, "name": "学习11.18", "count": 0 }, { "id": 109, "name": "学习11.19", "count": 0 }, { "id": 110, "name": "学习1605677648", "count": 0 }, { "id": 111, "name": "学习1605677654", "count": 0 }, { "id": 112, "name": "学习1605677734", "count": 0 }, { "id": 113, "name": "学习1605677765", "count": 0 }, { "id": 114, "name": "学习1605677831", "count": 0 }, { "id": 116, "name": "东广东广东广东", "count": 0 }, { "id": 117, "name": "学习1605681456", "count": 0 }, { "id": 118, "name": "学习1605683299", "count": 0 }, { "id": 119, "name": "学习1605683312", "count": 0 }, { "id": 120, "name": "学习1605683559", "count": 0 }, { "id": 121, "name": "学习1605684354", "count": 0 }, { "id": 122, "name": "学习00", "count": 0 }, { "id": 123, "name": "学习1605685073587", "count": 0 }, { "id": 124, "name": "学习1605687683589", "count": 0 }, { "id": 125, "name": "学习1605687964717", "count": 0 }, { "id": 126, "name": "学习1605687980897", "count": 0 }, { "id": 127, "name": "学习1605688063677", "count": 0 }, { "id": 129, "name": "学习1605688889250", "count": 0 }, { "id": 132, "name": "学习1605751457778", "count": 0 }, { "id": 135, "name": "学习1605944133535", "count": 0 }, { "id": 136, "name": "学习1605944458899", "count": 0 }, { "id": 140, "name": "??", "count": 0 }, { "id": 141, "name": "???", "count": 0 }, { "id": 142, "name": "????", "count": 0 }, { "id": 143, "name": "2021", "count": 0 }, { "id": 144, "name": "????3", "count": 0 }, { "id": 145, "name": "????4", "count": 0 }, { "id": 146, "name": "people", "count": 0 }, { "id": 147, "name": "people1", "count": 0 }, { "id": 148, "name": "people2", "count": 0 }, { "id": 149, "name": "people3", "count": 0 }, { "id": 150, "name": "??000", "count": 0 }, { "id": 151, "name": "??0001", "count": 0 }, { "id": 152, "name": "??00010", "count": 0 }, { "id": 153, "name": "??000100", "count": 0 }, { "id": 154, "name": "happy", "count": 0 }, { "id": 155, "name": "happy new", "count": 0 }, { "id": 156, "name": "happy new year", "count": 0 }, { "id": 157, "name": "happy new year?", "count": 0 }, { "id": 158, "name": "happy new year2012", "count": 0 }, { "id": 159, "name": "happy new year 2012", "count": 0 }, { "id": 160, "name": "happy new year 2021", "count": 0 }, { "id": 161, "name": "happy new year 202222", "count": 0 } ] }
- 状态断言
//1.状态码返回为200
pm.test("Status code is 200", function () {
pm.response.to.have.status(200);
})；
Tests
查看断言结果
- 业务断言
//2.断言返回的结果中包括一个指定字符串---精确断言
pm.test("Body 中包含tags", function () {
pm.expect(pm.response.text()).to.include("tags");
});
Tests
查看断言结果
//3.对返回的结果做json字段检查
pm.test("name = 学习1605677877", function () {
var jsonData = pm.response.json();
pm.expect(jsonData.tags[1].name).to.eql("学习1605677877");
});
Tests
查看断言结果
//4.断言实际获取的响应体（即 Body 信息）与预期结果的响应体是否一致
//pm.test("Body is correct", function () {
// pm.response.to.have.body("response_body_string");
//});
Tests
查看断言结果
//5.响应头中包含有指定的响应头
pm.test("Content-Type is present", function () {
pm.response.to.have.header("Content-Type");
});
Tests
查看断言结果
//6.断言接口请求的时间少于200ms
pm.test("Response time is less than 300ms", function () {
pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(500);
});
Tests
查看断言结果
//7.断言一个post请求的返回状态码是否在指定的范围中
pm.test("Successful POST request", function () {
pm.expect(pm.response.code).to.be.oneOf([200, 202]);
});
Tests
查看断言结果
//8.断言返回的状态码信息中是否包含指定字段
pm.test("Status code包含OK", function () {
pm.response.to.have.status("OK");
});
Tests
查看断言结果
需要注意的点：postman 获取断言时，任何响应都必须转为 JsonData 对象。例如 我们想获取如下响应信息中键值为 name 的值：
此时我们这样做：
- 第一步定义一个jsonData对象，将响应值付给jsonData
- var jsonData = pm.response.json();
- 第二步通过“.”获取到我们想要的name值
- var name= jsonData.tags[1].name
由此我们可以任意获取响应中的字段，进而在设置成相应的环境变量，当然就可以作为参数传递给任意接口了，这就是接口间参数传递的原理所在