一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
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<!--configure
< servlet >
< servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name >
< servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class >
< init-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
< param-value >classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</ param-value >
</ init-param >
<!--
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name >
< url-pattern >/</ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
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3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
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<? xml
= "1.0"
= "UTF-8" ?>
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
<!--
< context:component-scan
= "test.SpringMVC" />
<!--
< mvc:default-servlet-handler
<!--
< mvc:annotation-driven
<!--
< bean
= "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id = "internalResourceViewResolver" >
<!--
< property
= "prefix"
= "/WEB-INF/jsp/"
<!--
< property
= "suffix"
= ".jsp"
</ bean >
</ beans >
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4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/mvc" )
public
@RequestMapping ( "/hello" )
public
return
;
}
}
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7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
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//match
@RequestMapping ( "/person" )
public
double
System.out.println(name+ " +age);
return
;
}
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五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
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package
public
public
return
}
public
this .name
}
public
return
}
public
int
this .age
}
private
private
}
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2.在Controller里编写方法
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//boxing
@RequestMapping ( "/person1" )
public
System.out.println(p.getName()+ " +p.getAge());
return
;
}
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六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
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//the
@RequestMapping ( "/date" )
public
System.out.println(date);
return
;
}
//At
@InitBinder
public
binder.registerCustomEditor(Date. class , new
new
"yyyy-MM-dd" ),
true ));
}
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七、向前台传递参数
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//pass
@RequestMapping ( "/show" )
public
Person new
map.put( "p" ,
p.setAge( 20 );
p.setName( "jayjay" );
return
;
}
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前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
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//pass
@RequestMapping ( "/getPerson" )
public
pw.write( "hello," +name);
}
@RequestMapping ( "/name" )
public
return
;
}
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前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
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$( function (){
$( "#btn" ).click( function (){
$.post( "mvc/getPerson" ,{name:$( "#name" ).val()}, function (data){
alert(data);
});
});
});
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九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
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//redirect
@RequestMapping ( "/redirect" )
public
return
;
}
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十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
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<!--
< bean
= "multipartResolver"
= "org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" >
< property
= "maxUploadSize"
= "102400000" ></ property >
</ bean >
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3.方法代码
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@RequestMapping (value= "/upload" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public
throws
MultipartHttpServletRequest
MultipartFile "file" );
String
SimpleDateFormat new
"yyyyMMddHHmmss" );
FileOutputStream new
"/" )+
"upload/" +sdf.format( new
'.' )));
fos.write(file.getBytes());
fos.flush();
fos.close();
return
;
}
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4.前台form表单
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< form
= "mvc/upload"
= "post"
= "multipart/form-data" >
< input
= "file"
= "file" >< br >
< input
= "submit"
= "submit" >
</ form >
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十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/test" )
public
@RequestMapping (value= "/param" )
public
@RequestParam (value= "id" )
@RequestParam (value= "name" )String
System.out.println(id+ " +name);
return
;
}
}
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十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/rest" )
public
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public
@PathVariable ( "id" )
System.out.println( "get" +id);
return
;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public
@PathVariable ( "id" )
System.out.println( "post" +id);
return
;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public
@PathVariable ( "id" )
System.out.println( "put" +id);
return
;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public
@PathVariable ( "id" )
System.out.println( "delete" +id);
return
;
}
}
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2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
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<!--
< filter >
< filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-name >
< filter-class >org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-class >
</ filter >
< filter-mapping >
< filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-name >
< url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern >
</ filter-mapping >
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在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
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< form
= "rest/user/1"
= "post" >
< input
= "hidden"
= "_method"
= "PUT" >
< input
= "submit"
= "put" >
</ form >
< form
= "rest/user/1"
= "post" >
< input
= "submit"
= "post" >
</ form >
< form
= "rest/user/1"
= "get" >
< input
= "submit"
= "get" >
</ form >
< form
= "rest/user/1"
= "post" >
< input
= "hidden"
= "_method"
= "DELETE" >
< input
= "submit"
= "delete" >
</ form >
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十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/json" )
public
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping ( "/user" )
public
User new
u.setId( 1 );
u.setName( "jayjay" );
u.setBirth( new
return
}
}
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十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常(Controller内)
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@ExceptionHandler
public
ModelAndView new
"error" );
mv.addObject( "exception" ,
System.out.println( "in );
return
}
@RequestMapping ( "/error" )
public
int
5 / 0 ;
return
;
}
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2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)
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@ControllerAdvice
public
@ExceptionHandler
public
ModelAndView new
"error" );
mv.addObject( "exception" ,
System.out.println( "in );
return
}
}
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3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!--
< bean
= "org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver" >
< property
= "exceptionMappings" >
< props >
< prop
= "java.lang.ArithmeticException" >error</ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
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error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
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public
implements
@Override
public
HttpServletResponse
throws
System.out.println( "afterCompletion" );
}
@Override
public
Object throws
System.out.println( "postHandle" );
}
@Override
public
Object throws
System.out.println( "preHandle" );
return
;
}
}
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2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
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<!--
< mvc:interceptors >
< mvc:interceptor >
< mvc:mapping
= "/mvc/**" />
< bean
= "test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor" ></ bean >
</ mvc:interceptor >
</ mvc:interceptors >
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3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解
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public
public
return
}
public
int
this .id
}
public
return
}
public
this .name
}
public
return
}
public
this .birth
}
@Override
public
return
",
",
"]" ;
}
private
@NotEmpty
private
@Past
@DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" )
private
}
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ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
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< form:form
= "form/add"
= "post"
= "user" >
id:< form:input
= "id" />< form:errors
= "id" />< br >
name:< form:input
= "name" />< form:errors
= "name" />< br >
birth:< form:input
= "birth" />< form:errors
= "birth" />
< input
= "submit"
= "submit" >
</ form:form >
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ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/form" )
public
@RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public
@Valid
if (br.getErrorCount()> 0 ){
return
;
}
return
;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public
map.put( "user" , new
return
;
}
}
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ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!--
< bean
= "messageSource"
= "org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" >
< property
= "basename"
= "locale" ></ property >
</ bean >
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6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号 password=密码
locale.properties中添加
username=user name password=password
创建一个locale.jsp
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< body >
< fmt:message
= "username" ></ fmt:message >
< fmt:message
= "password" ></ fmt:message >
</ body >
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在SpringMVC中配置
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<!--
< mvc:view-controller
= "/locale"
= "locale" />
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让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类
2.User实体类
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public
public
return
}
public
int
this .id
}
public
return
}
public
this .name
}
public
return
}
public
this .birth
}
@Override
public
return
",
",
"]" ;
}
private
@NotEmpty
private
@Past
@DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" )
private
}
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3.UserService类
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@Component
public
public
System.out.println( "UserService );
}
public
System.out.println( "save" );
}
}
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4.UserController
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/integrate" )
public
@Autowired
private
@RequestMapping ( "/user" )
public
@RequestBody
System.out.println(u);
userService.save();
return
;
}
}
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5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
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<? xml
= "1.0"
= "UTF-8" ?>
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
"
>
< context:component-scan
= "test.SpringMVC.integrate" >
< context:exclude-filter
= "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
< context:exclude-filter
= "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />
</ context:component-scan >
</ beans >
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在Web.xml中添加配置
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<!--
< listener >
< listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class >
</ listener >
< context-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
< param-value >classpath:applicationContext.xml</ param-value >
</ context-param >
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6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
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<!--
< context:component-scan
= "test.SpringMVC.integrate" >
< context:include-filter
= "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
< context:include-filter
= "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />
</ context:component-scan >
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十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别
1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。