今天来实现网站的登入和登出功能。
首先我们需要在urls.py中添加路径，注意此处的路径和在导航栏中设置的文字路径保持一致：
from django.urls import path
from . import views app_name = 'main' #此处为了urls的命名空间 urlpatterns = [
path('', views.homepage, name='homepage'),
path('register/', views.register, name='register'),
path('logout/', views.logout_request, name='logout_request'),
path('login/', views.login_request, name='login_request'),
]
在view.py中添加登出和登入的函数，登出的函数非常简单，只需要使用logout函数登出并给出登出成功的信息，然后导向主页即可。登入函数需要使用新的表单AuthenticationForm，并判断用户是否存在，如果存在则登入并进入主页，如果不存在则给出错误信息：
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Tutorial
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm, AuthenticationForm
from django.contrib.auth import login, logout, authenticate
from django.contrib import messages
# Create your views here.
def homepage(request):
return render(request=request,
template_name='main/home.html',
context={'tutorials':Tutorial.objects.all}) def register(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = UserCreationForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
user = form.save()
username = form.cleaned_data.get('username')
messages.success(request, f"New account created: {username}")
login(request, user)
return redirect('main:homepage')
else:
for msg in form.error_messages:
messages.error(request, f"{msg}:{form.error_messages[msg]}") return render(request=request,
template_name='main/register.html',
context={'form':form}) form = UserCreationForm
return render(request=request,
template_name='main/register.html',
context={'form':form}) def logout_request(request):
logout(request)
messages.info(request, f"Logged out successfully!")
return redirect('main:homepage') def login_request(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = AuthenticationForm(request=request, data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
username = form.cleaned_data.get('username')
password = form.cleaned_data.get('password')
user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
if user is not None:
login(request, user)
messages.info(request, f"You are now logged in as {username}")
return redirect('main:homepage')
else:
messages.error(request, f"Invalid username or passowrd.")
else:
messages.error(request, f"Invalid username or passowrd.") form = AuthenticationForm
return render(request=request,
template_name='main/login.html',
context={'form':form})
登入登出及信息显示如下，第二幅图显示“You are now logged in as xiaohonghong”，这个就是toast的效果：
与之前的几节不同，我在这里修改了导航栏的颜色，并添加了container效果，修改方法如下，通过style设置背景颜色，将container加入到div的class中：
<nav style="background-color: #008E72">
<div class="nav-wrapper container">
现在使用的注册表单是materialize默认的，我们希望注册的时候可以加入邮箱这个选项，这样忘记密码的时候就可以通过邮箱来找回密码，如何自定义注册表单呢？方法如下，在main文件夹下新建forms.py：
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.models import User class NewUserForm(UserCreationForm):
email = forms.EmailField(required=True) class Meta:
model = User
fields = ("username", "email", "password1", "password2") def save(self, commit=True):
user = super(NewUserForm, self).save(commit=False)
user.email = self.cleaned_data.get('email')
if commit:
user.save()
return user
然后将views.py中的UserCreationForm修改为NewUserForm即可，在浏览器点击Register得到如下界面，可以看到email这一样出现了：
参考链接：
[1] https://pythonprogramming.net/user-login-logout-django-tutorial/?completed=/messages-django-tutorial/