地图、定位 CLLocationManager CLGeocoder CLPlacemark

2022-04-23 01:09:50

地图、定位

一、基本知识点

定位：

1、info.plist文件设置

ios8以后，使用定位需要在info.plist文件中添加两个字段NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription和NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription

2、导入CoreLocation.framework框架并导入头文件

#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>

3、判断定位服务是否打开

if (![CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]) {

NSLog(@"定位不可用");

}

4、创建定位管理器

CLLocationManager *_manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];

5、判断是否授权，如果未授权则发送授权请求

if ([CLLocationManager authorizationStatus]==kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined){

[_manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];

}

6、设置代理（CLLocationManagerDelegate）

_manager.delegate=self;

7、设置精度

_manager.desiredAccuracy=kCLLocationAccuracyBest;

8、设置定位频率，多少米定位一次

_manager.distanceFilter=10.0;

9、开始定位

[_manager startUpdatingLocation];

10、停止定位

[_manager stopUpdatingLocation];

11、代理方法

-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{

//定位失败

}

-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray *)locations{

CLLocation *location = [locations firstObject];

CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate=location.coordinate;

NSLog(@"经度：%f,纬度：%f,海拔：%f,航向：%f,行走速度：%f",coordinate.longitude,coordinate.latitude,location.altitude,location.course,location.speed);

}

地理编码，根据地址得出经纬度、详细信息等

CLGeocoder *geocode = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];

[geocode geocodeAddressString:@"泰山" completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks, NSError *error) {

CLPlacemark *place = [placemarks firstObject];

CLLocation *location = place.location;//位置

CLRegion *region = place.region;//区域

NSDictionary *dic = place.addressDictionary;//详细地址信息字典，包含以下字段

NSString *name=place.name;//地名

NSString *thoroughfare=place.thoroughfare;//街道

NSString *subThoroughfare=place.subThoroughfare; //街道相关信息，例如门牌等

NSString *locality=place.locality; // 城市

NSString *subLocality=place.subLocality; // 城市相关信息，例如标志性建筑

NSString *administrativeArea=place.administrativeArea; // 州

NSString*subAdministrativeArea=place.subAdministrativeArea; //其他行政区域信息

NSString *postalCode=place.postalCode; //邮编

NSString *ISOcountryCode=place.ISOcountryCode; //国家编码

NSString *country=place.country; //国家

NSString *inlandWater=place.inlandWater; //水源、湖泊

NSString *ocean=place.ocean; // 海洋

NSArray *areasOfInterest=place.areasOfInterest; //关联的或利益相关的地标

}];

}

反向地理编码，根据经纬度得出具体的地址信息

CLLocation*location=[[CLLocation alloc]initWithLatitude:36.228 longitude:117.042];

CLGeocoder *geocoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];

[geocoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks, NSError *error) {

CLPlacemark*placemark=[placemarks firstObject];

NSLog(@"详细信息:%@",placemark.addressDictionary);

}];

地图：

12、导入MapKit.framework，并导入#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>头文件，实现MKMapViewDelegate协议

13、创建

_mapView = [[MKMapView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];

14、设置代理

_mapView.delegate = self;

15、是否显示用户位置

_mapView.showsUserLocation = YES;

16、用户位置跟踪

_mapView.userTrackingMode = MKUserTrackingModeFollow;//可以省略，但是需要自己设置地图的缩放级别

17、代理方法：获取用户当前位置

-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation*)userLocation{

MKCoordinateSpan span=MKCoordinateSpanMake(0.01, 0.01);

MKCoordinateRegion region=MKCoordinateRegionMake(userLocation.location.coordinate, span);

[_mapView setRegion:region animated:true];//设置地图缩放级别

}

18、地图显示范围发生改变

-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionDidChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated{

NSLog(@"地图显示范围发生改变");

}

19、添加大头针

MKPointAnnotation *point = [[MKPointAnnotation alloc]init];//初始化

point.title = @"大头针";//标题

point.subtitle = @"我是大头针";//子标题

point.coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(36.236867, 117.054895);//经纬度

[_mapView addAnnotation:point];

20、大头针被点击

-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didSelectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view{

NSLog(@"大头针被点击");

}

21、自定义大头针视图

-(MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation{

if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[MKPointAnnotation class]]) {//判断是不是自己添加的大头针

static NSString *key1=@"AnnotationKey1";

MKAnnotationView*annotationView=[_mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:key1];//获取大头针视图

//如果缓存池中不存在则新建

if (!annotationView) {

annotationView=[[MKAnnotationView alloc]initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:key1];

annotationView.canShowCallout=true;//允许交互点击 annotationView.calloutOffset=CGPointMake(0, 1);//定义详情视图偏移量

UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];

button.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 40, 40); [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_classify_cafe.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; annotationView.leftCalloutAccessoryView=button;//定义详情左侧视图

}

//修改大头针视图

//重新设置此类大头针视图的大头针模型(因为有可能是从缓存池中取出来的，位置是放到缓存池时的位置)

annotationView.annotation=annotation;

annotationView.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_paopao_waterdrop_streetscape"];//设置大头针视图的图片

return annotationView;

}else {

return nil;

}

22、大头针左侧或者右侧视图被点击

-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view calloutAccessoryControlTapped:(UIControl *)control{

if ([control isKindOfClass:[UIButton class]]) {

NSLog(@"121212");

}

23、调用系统自带地图进行导航

-(void)turnByTurn{

//根据“泰山学院”地理编码

CLGeocoder *_geocoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc] init];

[_geocoder geocodeAddressString:@"泰山学院" completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks, NSError *error) {

CLPlacemark *clPlacemark1=[placemarks firstObject];//获取第一个地标

MKPlacemark *mkPlacemark1=[[MKPlacemark alloc]initWithPlacemark:clPlacemark1];

//注意地理编码一次只能定位到一个位置，不能同时定位，所在放到第一个位置定位完成回调函数中再次定位

[_geocoder geocodeAddressString:@"山东省泰安市泰山站" completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks, NSError *error) {

CLPlacemark *clPlacemark2=[placemarks firstObject];//获取第一个地标

MKPlacemark *mkPlacemark2=[[MKPlacemark alloc]initWithPlacemark:clPlacemark2];

NSDictionary *options=@{MKLaunchOptionsMapTypeKey:@(MKMapTypeStandard),MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeKey:MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeDriving};//设置导航类型

MKMapItem *mapItem1=[[MKMapItem alloc]initWithPlacemark:mkPlacemark1];

MKMapItem *mapItem2=[[MKMapItem alloc]initWithPlacemark:mkPlacemark2];

[MKMapItem openMapsWithItems:@[mapItem1,mapItem2] launchOptions:options];

}];

}];}

二、具体代码

#import "ViewController.h”
1、首先导入头文件 #import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>

//导入头文件

2、info.plist文件设置，ios8以后，使用定位需要在info.plist文件中添加两个字段NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription和NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription。

@interface ViewController ()<CLLocationManagerDelegate>{
CLLocationManager *manager;//位置管理

}

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {

[super viewDidLoad];

3、判断是否允许访问定位 if([CLLocationManagerlocationServicesEnabled]) {

        manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];//初始化
        NSLog(@"允许定位");
        //判断用户是否选择了位置访问权限
        if ([CLLocationManager authorizationStatus] == 0) {
            //如果尚未选择，则重新弹出请求
            [manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
        }
        //设置代理
        manager.delegate = self;
        manager.distanceFilter = 10;//多少米访问一次位置
        manager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest;//定位的精确度

[manager startUpdatingLocation];//开始定位

[self getInfoBUyAddress];

}

4、错误信息

-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{
NSLog(@"%@",error);

}

5、打印具体内容

-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray<CLLocation *> *)locations{
    NSLog(@"--%zi---%@",locations.count,locations);
    CLLocation *location = [locations firstObject];
    NSLog(@"weidu:%f--jingdu:%f",location.coordinate.latitude,location.coordinate.longitude);
}

6、地理编码

-(void)getInfoBUyAddress{
    CLGeocoder *geo = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];//初始化编码管理
    //地理编码，传入地址，得到具体信息
    [ geo geocodeAddressString:@"周口火车站" completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        NSLog(@"--数量：%zi 信息：%@",placemarks.count,placemarks);
        CLPlacemark *place = [placemarks firstObject];
        NSLog(@"经纬度：%f---%f",place.location.coordinate.latitude,place.location.coordinate.longitude);
        NSLog(@"街道：%@",place.ocean);
    }];
}

7、反地理编码：根据经纬度得到位置信息

-(void)getInfoBuyCoordinate{
    CLGeocoder *geocoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];
    CLLocation *location = [[CLLocation alloc]initWithLatitude:34.709895 longitude:113.509167];//通过经纬度定义位置对象
    [geocoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        NSLog(@"数量：%zi 反向： %@",placemarks.count,placemarks);

        CLPlacemark *place = [placemarks firstObject];
        NSLog(@"经纬度：%f,%f",place.location.coordinate.longitude,place.location.coordinate.latitude);
        NSLog(@"街道：%@",place.ocean);

}];

}

地图具体代码

1、导入头文件

#import "ViewController.h"

#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>

#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>

@interface ViewController ()

2、添加代理

<CLLocationManagerDelegate,MKMapViewDelegate>{

3、创建对象

CLLocationManager *_manager;
MKMapView *_mapView;

}

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {

[super viewDidLoad];

4、判断是否允许访问，如果不允许则重新设置

if ([CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]) {

_manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];

if ([CLLocationManager authorizationStatus] == 0) {
[_manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];

}

        _mapView = [[MKMapView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
        _mapView.delegate = self;//设置代理
        _mapView.showsUserLocation = YES;//显示用户位置
       // mapView.userTrackingMode = MKUserTrackingModeFollow;//跟随模式
        [self.view addSubview:_mapView];

[self addAnnotation];

[self daohang];

}

}
5、点击大头针
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didSelectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view{
NSLog(@"大头针被点击:%@",view.annotation.title);

}

6、定位失败信息反馈

-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didFailToLocateUserWithError:(NSError *)error{
//定位失败
}

7、更新坐标位置

-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation *)userLocation{

//在该方法中获取用户当前位置的经纬度

NSLog(@"经度：%f 纬度：%f",userLocation.location.coordinate.longitude,userLocation.location.coordinate.latitude);

8、设置经纬度精度范围

MKCoordinateSpan span = {0.1,0.1};//在中心经纬度的基础上+/- 的值

9、设置中心经纬度以及可视范围

MKCoordinateRegion region = {userLocation.coordinate,span};

10、设置地图缩放级别

[mapView setRegion:region animated:YES];
}

11、拖动地图走该方法

-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionDidChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated{

NSLog(@"----改变");

}

12、添加大头针

-(void)addAnnotation{

1）初始化大头针

MKPointAnnotation *an = [[MKPointAnnotation alloc] init];

2）设置大头针标题

an.title = @"我的大头针";

3）设置大头针副标题

an.subtitle = @"副标题";

4）设置大头针的经纬度

an.coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(34.709895, 113.509167);

[_mapView addAnnotation:an];

}

13、自定义大头针

-(MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation{

1）判断是否是程序员自己添加的大头针

if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[MKPointAnnotation class]]) {

2）定义重用标识

static NSString *identifier = @"an";

MKAnnotationView *view = [mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:identifier];//从重用池中取可用的大头针

3）如果！view 则重新定义

if (!view) {

view = [[MKAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:identifier];

4）是否允许弹出气泡

view.canShowCallout = YES;

}

5）设置弹出信息

view.annotation = annotation;

6）自定义大头针图形

view.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"an"];

return view;

    }else{
        //用户当前位置
        return nil;
    }
}
14、自定义导航
-(void)daohang{

MKPlacemark *placeMark = [[MKPlacemark alloc] initWithCoordinate:CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(34.695135, 113.682188) addressDictionary:nil];

MKPlacemark *placeMark1 = [[MKPlacemark alloc] initWithCoordinate:CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(34.709895, 113.499167) addressDictionary:nil];

NSDictionary *options=@{MKLaunchOptionsMapTypeKey:@(MKMapTypeStandard),MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeKey:MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeDriving};//设置导航类型

    MKMapItem *item = [[MKMapItem alloc] initWithPlacemark:placeMark];
    MKMapItem *item1 = [[MKMapItem alloc] initWithPlacemark:placeMark1];
    [MKMapItem openMapsWithItems:@[item,item1] launchOptions:options];

}

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