字符串操作是任何一门编程语言中最常用的操作之一,scheme也提供了一系列procudure来操作字符串。
1、字符串的比较,有6个,分别是string=? string>? string<? string>=? string<=?
这与其他语言中对string的比较并无不同,比较字符和长度。
例子:
(string=? "mom" "mom") #t
(string<? "mom" "mommy") #t
(string>? "Dad" "Dad") #f
(string=? "Mom and Dad" "mom and dad") #f
(string<? "a" "b" "c") #t
注意这些比较操作是大小写敏感。相应的,大小写不敏感的版本:
procedure: (string-ci=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
procedure: (string-ci<? string1 string2 string3 ...)
procedure: (string-ci>? string1 string2 string3 ...)
procedure: (string-ci<=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
procedure: (string-ci>=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
2、从字符构造字符串,使用string过程
(string #\a) => "a"
(string #\a #\b #\c) => "abc"
注意,换行字符是#\newline,回车字符是#\return
3、重复N个字符构造字符串
(make-string) => ""
(make-string 4 #\a) =>"aaaa")
4、字符串长度 string-length
(string-length "") =>0
(string-length "dennis") => 6
5、取第N个字符,相当于java中的charAt:
(string-ref "hi there" 0) #\h
(string-ref "hi there" 5) #\e
6、修改字符串的第N个字符:
(string-set! "hello" 0 #\H) => "Hello"
7、拷贝字符串:
(let ((str "abc"))
(eq? str (string-copy str))) => #f
(let ((str "abc"))
(equal? str (string-copy str))) => #t
8、拼接字符串,string-append
(string-append) => ""
(string-append "abc" "defg") => "abcdefg"
9、截取子串
(substring "hi there" 0 1) "h"
(substring "hi there" 3 6) "the"
(substring "hi there" 5 5) ""
10、填充字符串
(let ((str (string-copy "sleepy")))
(string-fill! str #\Z)
str) "ZZZZZZ"
11、与list的相互转换
(string->list "") ()
(string->list "abc") (#\a #\b #\c)
(list->string '()) ""
(list->string '(#\a #\b #\c)) "abc"
(list->string
(map char-upcase
(string->list "abc"))) "ABC"
文章转自庄周梦蝶 ,原文发布时间2009-10-12