asp.net core监控—引入Prometheus(五)

上一篇博文中说到Prometheus有四种指标类型:Counter(计数器)、Gauge(仪表盘)、Histogram(直方图)、Summary(摘要),并且我们做了一个Counter的Demo,接下来看看Histogram。
Summary:摘要
summary是采集展示百分位数,百分位定义:在一组由小到大的数字中,某个数字大于90%的数字,这个数字就是第90个的百分位数。
通过demo的来理解一下吧,假如我们业务需求是要知道订单金额10,30,50,70,90的百分位数,该怎么实现呢?
需要在MetricsHub.cs中添加Summary类型的指标收集集合:
using Prometheus;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace PrometheusSample.Middlewares
{
    public class MetricsHub
    {
        private static Dictionary<string, Counter> _counterDictionary = new Dictionary<string, Counter>();
        private static Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, Gauge>> _gaugeDictionary = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, Gauge>>();
        private static Dictionary<string, Summary> _summaryDictionary = new Dictionary<string, Summary>();
        private static Dictionary<string, Histogram> _histogramDictionary = new Dictionary<string, Histogram>();
        public Counter GetCounter(string key)
        {
            if (_counterDictionary.ContainsKey(key))
            {
                return _counterDictionary[key];
            }
            else
            {
                return null;
            }
        }
        public Dictionary<string, Gauge> GetGauge(string key)
        {
            if (_gaugeDictionary.ContainsKey(key))
            {
                return _gaugeDictionary[key];
            }
            else
            {
                return null;
            }
        }
        public Summary GetSummary(string key)
        {
            if (_summaryDictionary.ContainsKey(key))
            {
                return _summaryDictionary[key];
            }
            else { return null; }
        }
        public Histogram GetHistogram(string key)
        {
            if (_histogramDictionary.ContainsKey(key))
            {
                return _histogramDictionary[key];
            }
            else { return null; }
        }
        public void AddCounter(string key, Counter counter) { _counterDictionary.Add(key, counter); }
        public void AddGauge(string key, Dictionary<string, Gauge> gauges) { _gaugeDictionary.Add(key, gauges); }
        public void AddSummary(string key, Summary summary) { _summaryDictionary.Add(key, summary); }
        public void AddHistogram(string key, Histogram histogram) { _histogramDictionary.Add(key, histogram); }
    }
}

接下来就要在BusinessMetricsMiddleware的中间件中添加处理Summary指标的代码了:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using PrometheusSample.Models;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace PrometheusSample.Middlewares
{    
    /// <summary> 
    /// 请求记录中间件 
    /// </summary> 
    public class BusinessMetricsMiddleware
    {
        private readonly RequestDelegate _next; public BusinessMetricsMiddleware(RequestDelegate next) { _next = next; }
        public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context, MetricsHub metricsHub)
        {
            var originalBody = context.Response.Body; try
            {
                using (var memStream = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    //从管理返回的Response中取出返回数据,根据返回值进行监控指标计数                
                    context.Response.Body = memStream;
                    await _next(context);
                    memStream.Position = 0;
                    string responseBody = new StreamReader(memStream).ReadToEnd();
                    memStream.Position = 0;
                    await memStream.CopyToAsync(originalBody);
                    if (metricsHub.GetCounter(context.Request.Path) != null || metricsHub.GetGauge(context.Request.Path) != null)
                    {
                        //这里约定所有action返回值是一个APIResult类型                  
                        var result = System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<APIResult>(responseBody, new System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions { PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true });
                        if (result != null && result.Result)
                        {
                            //获取到Counter   
                            var counter = metricsHub.GetCounter(context.Request.Path);
                            if (counter != null)
                            {
                                //计数         
                                counter.Inc();
                            }
                            var gauges = metricsHub.GetGauge(context.Request.Path); if (gauges != null)
                            {
                                //存在增加指标+就Inc            
                                if (gauges.ContainsKey("+")) { gauges["+"].Inc(); }
                                //存在减少指标-就Dec                            
                                if (gauges.ContainsKey("-")) { gauges["-"].Dec(); }
                            }
                            var histogram = metricsHub.GetHistogram(context.Request.Path); if (histogram != null)
                            {
                                var parseResult = int.TryParse(result.Data.ToString(), out int i);
                                if (parseResult)
                                {
                                    histogram.Observe(i);
                                }
                            }
                            var summary = metricsHub.GetSummary(context.Request.Path);
                            if (summary != null)
                            {
                                var parseResult = int.TryParse(result.Data.ToString(), out int i);
                                if (parseResult)
                                {
                                    summary.Observe(i);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                context.Response.Body = originalBody;
            }
        }
    }
}

再就是在Starsup中配置对应url的Summary参数了:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
using Prometheus;
using PrometheusSample.Middlewares;
using PrometheusSample.Services;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace PrometheusSample
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; }
        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            MetricsHandle(services);
            services.AddScoped<IOrderService, OrderService>();
            services.AddControllers(); services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
            {
                c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "PrometheusSample", Version = "v1" });
            });
        }
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
                app.UseSwagger();
                app.UseSwaggerUI(c => c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "PrometheusSample v1"));
            }
            app.UseRouting();
            //http请求的中间件         
            app.UseHttpMetrics();
            app.UseAuthorization();
            //自定义业务跟踪       
            app.UseBusinessMetrics();
            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                //映射监控地址为  /metrics              
                endpoints.MapMetrics();
                endpoints.MapControllers();
            });
        }
        /// <summary>       
        /// 处理监控事项      
        /// </summary>    
        /// <param name="services"></param>     
        void MetricsHandle(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            var metricsHub = new MetricsHub();
            //counter          
            metricsHub.AddCounter("/register", Metrics.CreateCounter("business_register_user", "注册用户数。"));
            metricsHub.AddCounter("/order", Metrics.CreateCounter("business_order_total", "下单总数。"));
            metricsHub.AddCounter("/pay", Metrics.CreateCounter("business_pay_total", "支付总数。"));
            metricsHub.AddCounter("/ship", Metrics.CreateCounter("business_ship_total", "发货总数。"));
            //gauge         
            var orderGauge = Metrics.CreateGauge("business_order_count", "当前下单数量。");
            var payGauge = Metrics.CreateGauge("business_pay_count", "当前支付数量。");
            var shipGauge = Metrics.CreateGauge("business_ship_count", "当前发货数据。");
            metricsHub.AddGauge("/order", new Dictionary<string, Gauge>
            {
                { "+", orderGauge }
            });
            metricsHub.AddGauge("/pay", new Dictionary<string, Gauge>
            {
                { "-", orderGauge },
                { "+", payGauge }
            });
            metricsHub.AddGauge("/ship", new Dictionary<string, Gauge> { 
                { "+", shipGauge },
                { "-", payGauge }
            });
            //histogram          
            var orderHistogram = Metrics.CreateHistogram("business_order_histogram", "订单直方图。", new HistogramConfiguration
            {
                Buckets = Histogram.LinearBuckets(start: 1000, width: 1000, count: 6)
            }); 
            metricsHub.AddHistogram("/order", orderHistogram);
            //summary             
            var orderSummary = Metrics.CreateSummary("business_order_summary", "10分钟内的订单数量", new SummaryConfiguration
            {
                Objectives = new[]
                {
                    new QuantileEpsilonPair(0.1, 0.05),
                    new QuantileEpsilonPair(0.3, 0.05),
                    new QuantileEpsilonPair(0.5, 0.05),
                    new QuantileEpsilonPair(0.7, 0.05),
                    new QuantileEpsilonPair(0.9, 0.05),
                }
            });
            metricsHub.AddSummary("/order", orderSummary);
            services.AddSingleton(metricsHub);
        }
    }
}

其实 new QuantileEpsilonPair(0.1, 0.05) 第一个参数是百分位,0.05是误差,范围是10%-5%,10%+5%。
最后一步,就是打开Grafana来配置展示图表了。
asp.net core监控—引入Prometheus(五)
最终展示结果:
asp.net core监控—引入Prometheus(五)
同时事例中给出了最大、最少、平均、汇总、当前值以供参考。

asp.net core监控—引入Prometheus(五)

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