win32手动创建windows窗口的,小记

摘抄自文档,其中的函数需要以后花时间看

 

向 WinMain 添加功能

  1. 首先,在 WinMain 函数内部创建 WNDCLASSEX 类型的窗口类结构。 此结构包含有关窗口的信息,如应用程序图标、窗口的背景色、在标题栏中显示的名称、窗口过程函数的名称等等。典型的 WNDCLASSEX 结构如下:

        WNDCLASSEX wcex;
    
        wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
        wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
        wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
        wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
        wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
        wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
        wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
        wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
        wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
        wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
        wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
        wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    
        WNDCLASSEX wcex;
    
        wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
        wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
        wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
        wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
        wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
        wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
        wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
        wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
        wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
        wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
        wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
        wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

    有关此结构的字段解释,请参见 WNDCLASSEX

  2. 现在已经创建了窗口类,接下来您必须注册它。使用 RegisterClassEx 函数,并将窗口类结构作为参数传递:

        if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
        {
            MessageBox(NULL,
                _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
                _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
                NULL);
    
            return 1;
        }
    
        if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
        {
            MessageBox(NULL,
                _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
                _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
                NULL);
    
            return 1;
        }
  3. 现在已经注册了您自己的类,接下来创建窗口。使用 CreateWindow 函数,如下所示:

    static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");
    static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");
    // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
    // szWindowClass: the name of the application
    // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
    // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
    // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
    // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
    // NULL: the parent of this window
    // NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
    // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
    // NULL: not used in this application
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
        szWindowClass,
        szTitle,
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        500, 100,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );
    if (!hWnd)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL,
            _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
            NULL);
    
        return 1;
    }
    
    static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");
    static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");
    // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
    // szWindowClass: the name of the application
    // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
    // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
    // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
    // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
    // NULL: the parent of this window
    // NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
    // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
    // NULL: not used in this application
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
        szWindowClass,
        szTitle,
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        500, 100,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );
    if (!hWnd)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL,
            _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
            NULL);
    
        return 1;
    }

    此函数返回 HWND,它是某个窗口的句柄。有关更多信息,请参见 Windows 数据类型

  4. 创建了窗口后,我们可以使用以下代码将其显示在屏幕上:

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
    // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
    // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
    ShowWindow(hWnd,
        nCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);
    
    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
    // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
    // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
    ShowWindow(hWnd,
        nCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    到目前为止,此窗口还不会显示,因为我们尚未实现 WndProc 函数。

  5. WinMain 的最后一步是消息循环。 此循环的用途是侦听操作系统发送的消息。应用程序收到消息后,将该消息调度到 WndProc 函数,以便进行处理。 消息循环类似于:

     
    以带有颜色区分的格式查看复制到剪贴板打印
        MSG msg;
        while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    
        return (int) msg.wParam;
    
        MSG msg;
        while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    
        return (int) msg.wParam;

    有关消息循环中使用的结构和函数的更多信息,请参见 MSGGetMessageTranslateMessageDispatchMessage

    您刚才完成的步骤为大多数 Win32 应用程序所共用。有关此应用程序所需要的 include 指令和全局变量声明,请参见本主题末尾的完整代码 示例

    此时, WinMain 函数应该与下面的内容类似:

    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                       HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                       LPSTR lpCmdLine,
                       int nCmdShow)
    {
        WNDCLASSEX wcex;
    
        wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
        wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
        wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
        wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
        wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
        wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
        wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
        wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
        wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
        wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
        wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
        wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    
        if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
        {
            MessageBox(NULL,
                _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
                _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
                NULL);
    
            return 1;
        }
    
        hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable
    
        // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
        // szWindowClass: the name of the application
        // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
        // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
        // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
        // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
        // NULL: the parent of this window
        // NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
        // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
        // NULL: not used in this application
        HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
            szWindowClass,
            szTitle,
            WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
            500, 100,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            hInstance,
            NULL
        );
    
        if (!hWnd)
        {
            MessageBox(NULL,
                _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
                _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
                NULL);
    
            return 1;
        }
    
        // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
        // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
        // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
        ShowWindow(hWnd,
            nCmdShow);
        UpdateWindow(hWnd);
    
        // Main message loop:
        MSG msg;
        while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    
        return (int) msg.wParam;
    }
    
    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                       HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                       LPSTR lpCmdLine,
                       int nCmdShow)
    {
        WNDCLASSEX wcex;
    
        wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
        wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
        wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
        wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
        wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
        wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
        wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
        wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
        wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
        wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
        wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
        wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    
        if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
        {
            MessageBox(NULL,
                _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
                _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
                NULL);
    
            return 1;
        }
    
        hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable
    
        // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
        // szWindowClass: the name of the application
        // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
        // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
        // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
        // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
        // NULL: the parent of this window
        // NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
        // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
        // NULL: not used in this application
        HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
            szWindowClass,
            szTitle,
            WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
            500, 100,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            hInstance,
            NULL
        );
    
        if (!hWnd)
        {
            MessageBox(NULL,
                _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
                _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
                NULL);
    
            return 1;
        }
    
        // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
        // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
        // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
        ShowWindow(hWnd,
            nCmdShow);
        UpdateWindow(hWnd);
    
        // Main message loop:
        MSG msg;
        while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    
        return (int) msg.wParam;
    }

向 WndProc 添加功能

  1. WndProc 函数的用途是处理应用程序接收的消息。 通常使用 Switch 函数实现此操作。

    我们将处理的第一个消息是 WM_PAINT 消息。 当必须更新应用程序窗口的一部分时,应用程序会收到此消息。首次创建窗口时,必须更新整个窗口,并传递此消息以指示此操作。

    当处理 WM_PAINT 消息时,首先应做的是调用 BeginPaint,最后应做的是调用 EndPaint。 在这两个函数调用之间,您可以处理所有的逻辑,以在窗口中排列文本、按钮和其他控件。对于此应用程序,我们在窗口中显示字符串“Hello, World!”。若要显示文本,请使用 TextOut 函数,也可以使用drawtext函数如下所示:

    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;
    TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");
    
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_PAINT:
        hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    
        // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
        // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
            5, 5,
            greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
        // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        break;
    }
    
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;
    TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");
    
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_PAINT:
        hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    
        // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
        // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
            5, 5,
            greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
        // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        break;
    }
  2. 应用程序通常会处理许多其他消息,如 WM_CREATEWM_DESTROY。 一个简单而完整的 WndProc 函数如下:

    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc;
        TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");
    
        switch (message)
        {
        case WM_PAINT:
            hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    
            // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
            // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
                5, 5,
                greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
            // End application specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            break;
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
            break;
        }
    
        return 0;
    }


    完整代码

    #include <windows.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <tchar.h>

    // Global variables

    // The main window class name.static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");

    // The string that appears in the application‘s title bar.static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");

    HINSTANCE hInst;

    // Forward declarations of functions included in this code module:
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR lpCmdLine,
    int nCmdShow)
    {
    WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

    if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    {
    MessageBox(NULL,
    _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
    _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    NULL);

    return 1;
    }

    hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

    // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
    // szWindowClass: the name of the application
    // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
    // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
    // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
    // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
    // NULL: the parent of this window
    // NULL: this application does not have a menu bar
    // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
    // NULL: not used in this application
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
    szWindowClass,
    szTitle,
    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
    CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
    500, 100,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    hInstance,
    NULL
    );

    if (!hWnd)
    {
    MessageBox(NULL,
    _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
    _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    NULL);

    return 1;
    }

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
    // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
    // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
    ShowWindow(hWnd,
    nCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    // Main message loop:
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
    TranslateMessage(&msg);
    DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
    }

    //
    // FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
    //
    // PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window.//
    // WM_PAINT - Paint the main window
    // WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return
    //
    //
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;
    TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");

    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_PAINT:
    hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

    // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
    // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
    5, 5,
    greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
    // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
    PostQuitMessage(0);
    break;
    default:
    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    break;
    }

    return 0;
    }



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