Nginx+Keepalived实现负载均衡高可用的WEB服务集群,nginx作为负载均衡器,keepalived作为高可用,当其中的一台负载均衡器(nginx)发生故障时可以迅速切换到备用的负载均衡器(nginx),保持业务的连续性。
1、服务器的环境配置及IP分配
操作系统:CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
nginx版本:nginx/1.8.0
keepalived版本:Keepalived v1.2.13
Nginx + keepalived服务器的IP分配表
服务器名称 IP 作用
DR1 192.168.171.10 提供负载均衡
DR2 192.168.171.20 提供负载均衡
192.168.171.100 网站的VIP地址
RS1 192.168.171.30 提供web服务
RS2 192.168.171.40 提供web服务
2、分别在DR1和DR2上安装Nginx负载均衡器和相关的脚本
1)、添加运行nginxd的用户组www及nginx存放日志的位置,并且安装gcc的基础库(使用yum安装)
yum install -y make apr* autoconf automakecurl curl-devel gcc gcc-c++ gtk+-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-develpcre-devel gd kernel keyutils patch perl kernel-headers compat* cpp glibc libgomp libstdc++-develkeyutils-libs-devel libsepol-devel libselinux-devel krb5-devel libXpm* freetype freetype-devel freetype*fontconfig fontconfig-devel libjpeg*libpng* php-common php-gd gettext gettext-devel ncurses* libtool* libxml2libxml2-devel patch policycoreutils bison pcre pece-devel
groupadd www #创建组
groupadd –g www www #创建www用户并加入www组
mkdir –p /data/logs/ #存放日志的目录
chown R www.www /data/logs/ #修改所有者和所属组
2)、下载并安装ngixn-1.8.0,默认下载到/usr/local/src/目录下
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz #下载nginx
tar zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.8.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_realip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_gzip_static_module--with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
3)、配置nginx,默认的配置文件是在/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www; #使用的用户
worker_processes 2;
error_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for[$time_local]'
'$host "$request_uri" $status'
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; #日志的格式
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htmapplication/xml;
#定义负载均衡的配置模块
upstream myserver {
ip_hash; #测试的时候建议注释掉
server 192.168.171.30:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=20s;
server 192.168.171.40:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=20s;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.balichlb.org ;
index index.htm index.html;
location / {
proxy_pass http://myserver;
proxy_set_header Host $Host;
proxy_next_upstream errortimeout http_500 http_502 http_504;
proxy_read_timeout 10s;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP$remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
access_log/data/lgos/access.log combined_realip; #访问的日志
}
}
分别在两台nginx(DR1和DR2)执行:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 命令启动nginx服务,然后使用lsof –i:80命令检查(当然可以可以编写nginx的启动脚本)
vim /etc/init.d/nginx #编写nginx启动、关闭、脚本
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload(){
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart(){
stop
start
}
configtest(){
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0{start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
:wq 保存退出。
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx #修改权限
chkconfig --add nginx #增加系统服务列表
/etc/init.d/nginx start #启动nginx服务
3、安装keepalived,让其作为web和nginx的HA(高可用)
yum install keepalived
1)、分别配置在主和备nginx上的keepalived的配置文件,默认在/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
先在主nginx上配置:
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
#全局定义部分
global_defs {
notification_email {
balich@foxmail.com
}
notification_email_from balich@foxmail.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #主服务器是MASTER,备用服务器是BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
mcast_src_ip 192.168.171.10 #主nginx服务的ip地址
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.171.100 #设置虚拟IP地址,可以多个,一行一个
}
}
在备用的服务器行的配置也基本相同,需要修改的地方如下:
state MASTER >> state BACKUP
priority 100 >> priority 99 #修改为小于主服务器上的
mcast_src_ip 192.168.171.10 >>mcast_src_ip 192.168.171.20 #备用ngixn的ip
分别在两台负载均衡器上启动keepalived服务(先主后从)
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
可以通过日志信息查看keepalived的启动,此时在主nginx会有一个VIP绑定到eth0:0上。
现在的nginx确实可以对后端的web服务实现负载均衡了,但是如果nginx服务出现了故障,keepalived服务还在运行,无法把vip转移到备用的服务器上。可以使用如下脚本实现:
vim /etc/keepalived/nginx_pid.sh
#!/bin/bash
while :
do
nginxpid=`ps-C nginx --no-header |wc -l`
if[ $nginxpid -eq 0 ];then
/etc/init.d/nginxstart
sleep 3
if[ $nginxpid -eq 0];then
/etc/init.d/keepalivedstop
fi
fi
sleep 5
done
将其放在后台上运行:nohup /bin/bash /etc/keepalived/nginx_pid.sh &
4、模拟故障
1)、关闭主nginx的服务,测试脚本是否可以让正常运行。之间关闭keepalived服务,切换是否正常。
2)、主nginx服务修复后,重启在次启动keepalived服务后,能否重新接管服务。
3)、直接断开网络,查看服务。