一、简介
greenDAO是一个对象关系映射(ORM)的框架,能够提供一个接口通过操作对象的方式去操作关系型数据库,它能够让你操作数据库时更简单、更方便。如下图所示:
Github地址:https://github.com/greenrobot/greenDAO
GreenDao 优点:
1.性能高,号称Android最快的关系型数据库
2.内存占用小
3.库文件比较小,小于100K,编译时间低,而且可以避免65K方法限制
4.支持数据库加密 greendao支持SQLCipher进行数据库加密 有关SQLCipher可以参考这篇博客Android数据存储之Sqlite采用SQLCipher数据库加密实战
5.简洁易用的API
二、配置
1、需要在工程(Project)的build.gradle中添加依赖
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.0.0'
//GreenDao3依赖
classpath 'org.greenrobot:greendao-gradle-plugin:3.2.1'
}
}
2、在项目(Module)的build.gradle中添加依赖
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
//使用greendao
apply plugin: 'org.greenrobot.greendao'
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.handsome.didi"
minSdkVersion 14
targetSdkVersion 23
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
//greendao配置
greendao {
//版本号,升级时可配置
schemaVersion 1
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.1'
//greendao依赖
compile 'org.greenrobot:greendao:3.2.0'
}
三、使用
1、创建Bean对象(表名和字段名)
GreenDao需要创建Bean对象之后,该Bean对象就是表名,而它的属性值就是字段名,其实现是通过注释的方式来实现的,下面是购物车的Bean对象(每个Bean对象对应一张表)
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Entity;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Id;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Generated;
/**
* app实体类
*/
@Entity
public class app {
//不能用int
@Id(autoincrement = true)
private Long id;
private String packageName;
private String label;
private String versionName;
private int versionCode;
private String sourceDir;
private String dataDir;
private boolean system;
private boolean installed;
@Generated(hash = 1362904721)
public app(Long id, String packageName, String label, String versionName,
int versionCode, String sourceDir, String dataDir, boolean system,
boolean installed) {
this.id = id;
this.packageName = packageName;
this.label = label;
this.versionName = versionName;
this.versionCode = versionCode;
this.sourceDir = sourceDir;
this.dataDir = dataDir;
this.system = system;
this.installed = installed;
}
@Generated(hash = 1515546537)
public app() {
}
public Long getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getPackageName() {
return this.packageName;
}
public void setPackageName(String packageName) {
this.packageName = packageName;
}
public String getLabel() {
return this.label;
}
public void setLabel(String label) {
this.label = label;
}
public String getVersionName() {
return this.versionName;
}
public void setVersionName(String versionName) {
this.versionName = versionName;
}
public int getVersionCode() {
return this.versionCode;
}
public void setVersionCode(int versionCode) {
this.versionCode = versionCode;
}
public String getSourceDir() {
return this.sourceDir;
}
public void setSourceDir(String sourceDir) {
this.sourceDir = sourceDir;
}
public String getDataDir() {
return this.dataDir;
}
public void setDataDir(String dataDir) {
this.dataDir = dataDir;
}
public boolean getSystem() {
return this.system;
}
public void setSystem(boolean system) {
this.system = system;
}
public boolean getInstalled() {
return this.installed;
}
public void setInstalled(boolean installed) {
this.installed = installed;
}
}
这里需要注意的是,创建完成之后,需要build gradle来完成我们的代码自动生成。自动生成的代码有
- Bean实体的构造方法和get、set方法
- DaoMaster、DaoSession、DAOS类
这里对Bean对象的注释进行解释
- @Entity:告诉GreenDao该对象为实体,只有被@Entity注释的Bean类才能被dao类操作
- @Id:对象的Id,使用Long类型作为EntityId,否则会报错。(autoincrement = true)表示主键会自增,如果false就会使用旧值
- @Property:可以自定义字段名,注意外键不能使用该属性
- @NotNull:属性不能为空
- @Transient:使用该注释的属性不会被存入数据库的字段中
- @Unique:该属性值必须在数据库中是唯一值
- @Generated:编译后自动生成的构造函数、方法等的注释,提示构造函数、方法等不能被修改
2、GreenDao数据库创建
public class MyApplication extends Application {
private static DaoSession daoSession;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
//配置数据库
setupDatabase();
}
/**
* 配置数据库
*/
private void setupDatabase() {
//创建数据库app.db"
DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper helper = new DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper(this, "app.db", null);
//获取可写数据库
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
//获取数据库对象
DaoMaster daoMaster = new DaoMaster(db);
//获取Dao对象管理者
daoSession = daoMaster.newSession();
}
public static DaoSession getDaoInstant() {
return daoSession;
}
}
可以发现,GreenDao已经将我们的数据库创建缩成几句话,代码会自动将Bean对象创建成表,不再是传统的手写SQL语句。这里的数据库创建只需要在Application中执行一次即可,这里对几个类进行解释
- DevOpenHelper:创建SQLite数据库的SQLiteOpenHelper的具体实现
- DaoMaster:GreenDao的*对象,作为数据库对象、用于创建表和删除表
- DaoSession:管理所有的Dao对象,Dao对象中存在着增删改查等API
由于我们已经创建好了DaoSession和Shop的Bean对象,编译后会自动生成我们的ShopDao对象,可通过DaoSession获得
AppDao dao = daoSession.getAppDao();
这里的Dao(Data Access Object)是指数据访问接口,即提供了数据库操作一些API接口,可通过dao进行增删改查操作
3、数据库的增删改查
public class utilsDao {
/**
* 添加数据,如果有重复则覆盖
*
* @param shop
*/
public static void insertLove(app shop) {
BaseApplication.getDaoInstant().getShopDao().insertOrReplace(shop);
}
/**
* 删除数据
*
* @param id
*/
public static void deleteLove(long id) {
BaseApplication.getDaoInstant().getShopDao().deleteByKey(id);
}
/**
* 更新数据
*
* @param shop
*/
public static void updateLove(app shop) {
BaseApplication.getDaoInstant().getShopDao().update(shop);
}
/**
* 查询条件为Label=秒拍 的数据
*
* @return
*/
public static List<app> queryLove() {
return BaseApplication.getAppDao().queryBuilder().where(appDao.Properties.Label.eq("秒拍")).list();
}
/**
* 查询全部数据
*/
public static List<app> queryAll() {
return BaseApplication.getDaoInstant().getShopDao().loadAll();
}
}
效果很明显,GreenDao的封装更加短小精悍,语义明朗,下面对GreenDao中Dao对象其他API的介绍
- 增加单个数据
- getShopDao().insert(shop);
- getShopDao().insertOrReplace(shop);
- 增加多个数据
- getShopDao().insertInTx(shopList);
- getShopDao().insertOrReplaceInTx(shopList);
- 查询全部
- List< Shop> list = getShopDao().loadAll();
- List< Shop> list = getShopDao().queryBuilder().list();
- 查询附加单个条件
- .where()
- .whereOr()
- 查询附加多个条件
- .where(, , ,)
- .whereOr(, , ,)
- 查询附加排序
- .orderDesc()
- .orderAsc()
- 查询限制当页个数
- .limit()
- 查询总个数
- .count()
- 修改单个数据
- getShopDao().update(shop);
- 修改多个数据
- getShopDao().updateInTx(shopList);
- 删除单个数据
- getTABUserDao().delete(user);
- 删除多个数据
- getUserDao().deleteInTx(userList);
- 删除数据ByKey
- getTABUserDao().deleteByKey();
自己封装的工具类:
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import com.xiaobai.cloneapp.domain.DaoMaster;
import com.xiaobai.cloneapp.domain.DaoSession;
import com.xiaobai.cloneapp.domain.dirinfo;
import com.xiaobai.cloneapp.domain.dirinfoDao;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.query.QueryBuilder;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 数据库管理
*/
public class DBManager {
private final static String dbName = "appinfo.db";
private static DBManager mInstance;
private DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper openHelper;
private Context context;
private DaoSession sDaoSession;
private static DaoMaster sDaoMaster;
public DBManager(Context context) {
this.context = context;
openHelper = new DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper(context, dbName, null);
}
/**
* 获取单例引用
*
* @param context
* @return
*/
public static DBManager getInstance(Context context) {
if (mInstance == null) {
synchronized (DBManager.class) {
if (mInstance == null) {
mInstance = new DBManager(context);
}
}
}
return mInstance;
}
/**
* 判断是否有存在数据库,如果没有则创建
* @return
*/
public DaoMaster getDaoMaster(String DBName){
if(sDaoMaster == null) {
DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper helper = new DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper(context, DBName, null);
sDaoMaster = new DaoMaster(helper.getWritableDatabase());
}
return sDaoMaster;
}
/**
* 获取可写数据库
*/
private SQLiteDatabase getWritableDatabase() {
if (openHelper == null) {
openHelper = new DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper(context, dbName, null);
}
SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase();
return db;
}
/**
* 获取可读数据库
*/
private SQLiteDatabase getReadableDatabase() {
if (openHelper == null) {
openHelper = new DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper(context, dbName, null);
}
SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getReadableDatabase();
return db;
}
/**
* 插入dirinfo一条记录
*
* @param
*/
public void insertDir(dirinfo dir) {
DaoMaster daoMaster = new DaoMaster(getWritableDatabase());
sDaoSession = daoMaster.newSession();
dirinfoDao dirDao = sDaoSession.getDirinfoDao();
dirDao.insertOrReplace(dir);
}
/**
* 查询用户列表
*/
/**
* 查询用户列表
*/
public List<dirinfo> queryDirList() {
DaoMaster daoMaster = new DaoMaster(getReadableDatabase());
DaoSession daoSession = daoMaster.newSession();
dirinfoDao dirDao = daoSession.getDirinfoDao();
QueryBuilder<dirinfo> qb = dirDao.queryBuilder();
List<dirinfo> list = qb.list();
return list;
}
public List<dirinfo> queryDirList(String DIRECTION) {
DaoMaster daoMaster = new DaoMaster(getReadableDatabase());
DaoSession daoSession = daoMaster.newSession();
dirinfoDao dirDao = daoSession.getDirinfoDao();
QueryBuilder<dirinfo> qb = dirDao.queryBuilder();
qb.where(dirinfoDao.Properties.Direction.gt(DIRECTION)).orderAsc(dirinfoDao.Properties.Direction);
List<dirinfo> list = qb.list();
return list;
}
/**
* 更新一条记录
*
* @param dir
*/
public void updatedir(dirinfo dir) {
DaoMaster daoMaster = new DaoMaster(getWritableDatabase());
DaoSession daoSession = daoMaster.newSession();
dirinfoDao dirDao = daoSession.getDirinfoDao();
dirDao.update(dir);
}
/**
* 删除一条记录
*
* @param dir
*/
public void deleteUser(dirinfo dir) {
DaoMaster daoMaster = new DaoMaster(getWritableDatabase());
DaoSession daoSession = daoMaster.newSession();
dirinfoDao dirDao = daoSession.getDirinfoDao();
dirDao.delete(dir);
}
/**
* 删除所有数据
*
* @param
*/
public void deleteAllDir() {
DaoMaster daoMaster = new DaoMaster(getWritableDatabase());
DaoSession daoSession = daoMaster.newSession();
dirinfoDao dirDao = daoSession.getDirinfoDao();
dirDao.deleteAll();
}
/**
* 关闭所有的操作,数据库开启后,使用完毕要关闭
*/
public void closeConnection(){
closeHelper();
closeDaoSession();
}
private void closeHelper(){
if(openHelper != null){
openHelper.close();
openHelper = null;
}
}
private void closeDaoSession(){
if(sDaoSession != null){
sDaoSession.clear();
sDaoSession = null;
}
}
}