安装vsftp #安装 yum install -y vsftpd #设置开机启动 systemctl enable vsftpd.service #启动 systemctl start vsftpd.service #停止 systemctl stop vsftpd.service #查看状态 systemctl status vsftpd.service #以上是参考 yum install -y vsftpd vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 修改配置文件： #修改配置 12 行 anonymous_enable=NO #修改配置 33 行 anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES #修改配置48行 chown_uploads=YES #修改配置72行 async_abor_enable=YES #修改配置82行 ascii_upload_enable=YES #修改配置83行 ascii_download_enable=YES #修改配置86行 ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. #修改配置100行 chroot_local_user=YES #添加下列内容到vsftpd.conf末尾 use_localtime=YES listen_port=21 idle_session_timeout=300 guest_enable=YES guest_username=vsftpd user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vconf data_connection_timeout=1 virtual_use_local_privs=YES pasv_min_port=40000 pasv_max_port=40010 accept_timeout=5 connect_timeout=10 allow_writeable_chroot=YES /*也可以直接复制下面的*/ # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains # the behaviour when these options are disabled. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) chroot_local_user=YES #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=NO # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6 # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration # files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES use_localtime=YES listen_port=21 idle_session_timeout=300 guest_enable=YES guest_username=vsftpd user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vconf data_connection_timeout=1 virtual_use_local_privs=YES pasv_min_port=40000 pasv_max_port=40010 accept_timeout=5 connect_timeout=10 allow_writeable_chroot=YES /*直接复制上面的将整个替换掉*/ #创建编辑用户文件 vim /etc/vsftpd/virtusers #第一行为用户名，第二行为密码。不能使用root作为用户名 contentFtps OrtlOOXX1p 4. 生产用户数据文件： db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/virtusers /etc/vsftpd/virtusers.db #设定PAM验证文件，并指定对虚拟用户数据库文件进行读取 chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/virtusers.db 5、修改 /etc/pam.d/vsftpd 文件 # 修改前先备份 cp /etc/pam.d/vsftpd /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.bak vim /etc/pam.d/vsftpd #先将配置文件中原有的 auth 及 account 的所有配置行均注释掉 auth sufficient /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/virtusers account sufficient /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/virtusers /*最终内容如下*/ #%PAM-1.0 session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke #auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers onerr=succeed #auth required pam_shells.so #auth include password-auth #account include password-auth session required pam_loginuid.so session include password-auth auth sufficient /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/virtusers account sufficient /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/virtusers /*可以直接复制拿去用*/ # 如果系统为32位，上面改为lib 6.新建系统用户vsftpd,用户目录为 /data/home/vsftp1 #用户登录终端设为/bin/false(即：使之不能登录系统) (增删用户参考： https://www.imooc.com/article/17776 ) （建立错误删除语法参考： userdel vsftpd) （删除文件夹语法参考： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_27930635/article/details/88413808 ） （删除文件夹： rm -rf /data/home/vsftp) useradd vsftpd -d /data/home/vsftp1 -s /bin/false chown -R vsftpd:vsftpd /data/home/vsftp1 授权： chmod -R 775 /data/home/vsftp1 7. 建立虚拟用户授权文件 mkdir -p /etc/vsftpd/vconf cd /etc/vsftpd/vconf #这里建立虚拟用户leo配置文件 touch vsftp_user_1 #编辑leo用户配置文件，内容如下，其他用户类似 vim vsftp_user_1 local_root=/data/home/vsftp1/vsftp_user_1 write_enable=YES anon_world_readable_only=NO anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=YES #建立文件夹 mkdir -p /data/home/vsftp1/vsftp_user_1 #授权 chmod -R 775 /data/home/vsftp1/vsftp_user_1 8.防火墙设置： IPtables 的设置方式： vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables #编辑iptables文件，添加如下内容，开启21端口 -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 40000:40010 -j ACCEPT firewall 的设置方式： firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=ftp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=21/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=40000-40010/tcp --permanent 9. 重启ftp服务器 10. 使用ftp之类的工具对ftp进行测试； 如果出现 500/503/200 等问题的时候； 可以进行如下配置： 1 关闭 SELINUX #打开SELINUX配置文件 vim /etc/selinux/config #修改配置参数 #注释 SELINUX=enforcing #增加 SELINUX=disabled #修改完成后，需要重启！ 2 修改 SELINUX setenforce 0 #暂时让SELinux进入Permissive模式 #列出与ftp相关的设置 getsebool -a|grep ftp #以下是显示出来的权限，off是关闭权限，on是打开权限。不同的机器显示的可能不一样。我看了我的显示的，和网上其他教程就不太一样 ftp_home_dir --> off ftpd_anon_write --> off ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off ftpd_connect_db --> off ftpd_full_access --> off ftpd_use_cifs --> off ftpd_use_fusefs --> off ftpd_use_nfs --> off ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off sftpd_anon_write --> off sftpd_enable_homedirs --> off sftpd_full_access --> off sftpd_write_ssh_home --> off tftp_anon_write --> off tftp_home_dir --> off #将包含有 ftp_home_dir 和 ftpd_full_access 相关的都设置为 1 setsebool -P ftp_home_dir 1 setsebool -P allow_ftpd_anon_write 1 setsebool -P ftp_home_dir 1 setenforce 1 #进入Enforcing模式 方式三、 SELINUX不对vsftp不做任何限制 setsebool -P ftpd_connect_all_unreserved 1 这个时候再使用工具连接，你发现，就可以正常的上传和下载文件了。 如果还是有问题尝试给我们用户的ftp目录，设置一下操作权限 chmod -R 775 /data/home/vsftp1/vsftp_user_1 还是链接不了？ 查看防火墙配置： 防火墙设置参考： https://www.cnblogs.com/xxoome/p/7115614.html firewall-cmd --state