Android开发之蓝牙操作

2021-11-10 18:23:16

蓝牙操作
一、什么是蓝牙
1、Bluetooth广泛使用的一种无线通讯协议
2、主要针对短距离通讯（10m）
3、常用于耳机、鼠标、键盘等移动通讯设备
二、与蓝牙相关的API
1、BluetoothAdapter：代表本地蓝牙设备
2、BluetoothDevice：代表远程蓝牙设备
三、蓝牙需要的设置
需要在AndroidManifest中申明蓝牙操作的权限


四、扫描已经配对的蓝牙设备
1、获取BluetoothAdapter对象
    BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter()
2、判断当前设备中是否有蓝牙设备
    if(adapter != null){}
3、判断当前设备中的蓝牙设备是否已经打开
    使用adapter.isEnabled()方法
4、得到所有已经配对的蓝牙设备
    Set devices = adapter.getBondedDevices();
五、设置蓝牙设备的可见性
1、创建intent对象：
    Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
2、设置可见性的时间，最大300s，超过300s系统会自动设为300s
    discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
3、启动Android内置activity，将参数传入
    startActivity(discoverableIntent);
六、扫描周围可见的蓝牙
1、调用startDiscovery()来扫描周围可见设备
    BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().startDiscovery();
2、每次扫描到系统就会发送广播
    A、创建一个过滤器，过滤广播ACTION_FOUND
       IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
    B、创建一个广播接收器
       BluetoothReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BluetoothReceiver();
    C、 注册接收器
       registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter);
    D、在广播中取出数据
       String action = intent.getAction();
       //从intent取出远程蓝牙设备
       BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
七、源代码
MainActivity.java

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. package com.example.bluetooth;

  3. import java.util.Iterator;
  4. import java.util.Set;

  6. import android.os.Bundle;
  7. import android.app.Activity;
  8. import android.app.SearchManager.OnCancelListener;
  9. import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
  10. import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
  11. import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
  12. import android.content.Context;
  13. import android.content.DialogInterface;
  14. import android.content.IntentFilter;
  15. import android.content.DialogInterface.OnClickListener;
  16. import android.content.Intent;
  17. import android.view.Menu;
  18. import android.view.View;
  19. import android.webkit.WebView.FindListener;
  20. import android.widget.Button;
  21. import android.widget.EditText;

  23. public class MainActivity extends Activity
  24. {

  26.     private Button findBtn = null;
  27.     private Button scanBtn = null;
  28.     private Button setBtn = null;
  29.     private EditText edit1 = null;
  30.     
  31.     @Override
  32.     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
  33.     {
  34.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  35.         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  36.         //找到按钮
  37.         findBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.findBtn);
  38.         scanBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.scanBtn);
  39.         setBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.setBtn);
  40.         //设置监听器
  41.         findBtn.setOnClickListener(new btnOnclickListener());
  42.         scanBtn.setOnClickListener(new btnOnclickListener());
  43.         setBtn.setOnClickListener(new btnOnclickListener());
  44.         
  45.         edit1 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.edit1);
  46.         //创建一个过滤器，过滤广播ACTION_FOUND
  47.         IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
  48.         //创建一个广播接收器
  49.         BluetoothReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BluetoothReceiver();
  50.         //注册接收器
  51.         registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter);
  52.     }

  54.     class btnOnclickListener implements android.view.View.OnClickListener
  55.     {

  57.         @Override
  58.         public void onClick(View v)
  59.         {
  60.             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  61.             switch(v.getId())
  62.             {
  63.                 case R.id.findBtn:
  64.                     //获取BluetoothAdapter对象
  65.                     BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
  66.                     //如果得到了设备
  67.                     if(adapter != null)
  68.                     {
  69.                         //更新edittext，打印有设备
  70.                         edit1.append("have!"+'\n');
  71.                         //如果设备没有被打开
  72.                         if(!adapter.isEnabled())
  73.                         {
  74.                             //启动新的activity，打开蓝牙
  75.                             Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
  76.                             startActivity(intent);
  77.                         }
  78.                         //获取所有已经配对的蓝牙，得到一个蓝牙设备集
  79.                         SetBluetoothDevice> devices = adapter.getBondedDevices();
  80.                         if(devices.size()>0)
  81.                         {
  82.                             //如果有已经配对的蓝牙，那么用迭代逐个打印出来
  83.                             for(Iterator iterator=devices.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();)
  84.                             {
  85.                                 BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice = (BluetoothDevice)iterator.next();
  86.                                 edit1.append(bluetoothDevice.getAddress()+'\n');
  87.                             }
  88.                         }
  89.                     }
  90.                     else
  91.                     {
  92.                         edit1.append("no device!!");
  93.                     }
  94.                     break;
  95.                 case R.id.scanBtn:
  96.                     //调用startDiscovery()来扫描周围可见设备
  97.                     BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().startDiscovery();
  98.                     break;
  99.                 case R.id.setBtn:
  100.                     //创建intent通过intent传递参数
  101.                     Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
  102.                     //设置可见状态的持续时间，如果超过300s，那么系统会自动设为300s
  103.                     discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
  104.                     //启动activity，这是Android自带的
  105.                     startActivity(discoverableIntent);
  106.                     break;
  107.                 default:
  108.                     break;
  109.             }
  110.             
  111.         }
  112.     }
  113.     
  114.     private class BluetoothReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
  115.     {

  117.         @Override
  118.         public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
  119.         {
  120.             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  121.             //接受intent
  122.             String action = intent.getAction();
  123.             //从intent取出远程蓝牙设备
  124.             BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
  125.             edit1.append("find new device:"+device.getAddress()+"\n");
  126.         }
  127.         
  128.     }
  129.     @Override
  130.     public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
  131.     {
  132.         // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
  133.         getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
  134.         return true;
  135.     }
  136.     
  137. }
布局文件

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  2.     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  3.     android:layout_width="match_parent"
  4.     android:layout_height="match_parent"
  5.     android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
  6.     android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  7.     android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  8.     android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
  9.     tools:context=".MainActivity" >

  11.     Button
  12.         android:id="@+id/findBtn"
  13.         android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  14.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  15.         android:text="扫描已经连接的蓝牙"
  16.         />
  17.     Button
  18.         android:id="@+id/setBtn"
  19.         android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  20.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  21.         android:layout_below="@+id/findBtn"
  22.         android:text="设置蓝牙可见性"
  23.         />
  24.     Button
  25.         android:id="@+id/scanBtn"
  26.         android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  27.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  28.         android:layout_below="@+id/setBtn"
  29.         android:text="扫描周围可见的蓝牙"
  30.         />
  31.     EditText
  32.         android:id="@+id/edit1"
  33.         android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  34.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  35.         android:layout_below="@+id/scanBtn"
  36.         />

  38. /RelativeLayout>


上一篇：玩转CocoaPods


下一篇：使用MoinMoin搭建运维知识库[上文]