2021江西省赛线下赛赛后总结(Crypto)

crypto1

题目:

from random import randint
from gmpy2 import *
from Crypto.Util.number import *
from flag import flag

e = 65537


def getprime(bits):
    while True:
        n = 1
        while n.bit_length() < bits:
            n *= next_prime(randint(1, 1000))
        if isPrime(n - 1):
            return n - 1, next_prime(n - 1)


m = bytes_to_long(flag)

p, q = getprime(512)
n = p * q
print(n)
cipher = pow(m, e, n)
print(cipher)


'''
1218619816262698783546648940878194669948979438203709672616480993515396961355395106056079918611561560475179643559119588585898564073516537184901016698826515936521556602092317546069579399703397931712467163230371193719052714305461017238967564606988838393544992753947092855374755747446894202750381311264877872839091
352354447911429303374519396490477565259821643971034839508568182565346164389287956989900378749729230944730331100775811131476843801977815021460665576439081472176097865974428184576142512412853496411268585776818066203487906030045789380455941042181582290374609632090947501064978978356385970005273609161215198427253
'''

思路:

  1. 直接yafu分解n
  2. 仔细看了看,好像可能是不是没有其它解法了?

crypto2

题目:

from Crypto.Util.number import *
from secret import flag, NBIT, MIDDLE
assert MIDDLE < 4096

def rsarsa(nbit):
    while True:
        p = getPrime(nbit)
        middle = (2**nbit - 3) ^ p
        q = middle + MIDDLE
        if isPrime(q):
            return p,q

p,q = rsarsa(NBIT)
e = 0x10001
n = p * q 
m = bytes_to_long(flag)
c = pow(m,e,n)

print('n =', n)
print('c =', c)


'''
n = 692224041388945379000542945310902880889100544298206558809223921382304144887565486168738878540375370962131523216110266003450063038852597901973959069961409252090233088923246072020448653242413438525803983280986587695098100053523677324314279892099704680639276122605007782194993832619487191722743054531524695485466578897531910673635843617334895918839728199336965513679879931120369894252383320216068550188557341291620047417322944706390751843111508918089789408109422357563835039746241760245490926252447703597477533668752930171198897054058982716965576506579176144003183647342789557878319494827627831312013617439863026665812607443
c = 307197727308287745314426467002903248074969761558679046606456172330293223597622415661766314599586983706525802752702590834171088229466177584813058269117390420554764305566689318459776899180134066369190626054796865325243251558047293127988662783785017198221284274732844911397443405439812227924713443788235973809737857889544240278704700770780579167766105940360383012181564955578959555701526997721449721679761556310570137638766549920135248234070586743609456381815893734230223940645912347773433002389063138902856398043379520285872239709077175291162768996775352120726794354655215827681853155145863834324898022202315574453344333550
'''

思路:

还是考虑直接分解n,可以尝试利用一元二次方程分解。原理如下:

因为\(x^2+bx+c=0\),所以如果找到一个\(b=a\sqrt{c}\),那么就有:

\[x^2+2\sqrt{c}\ x+c=0 \\ (x+\sqrt{c})^2=0 \]

这里有个非常相似的题:Crypto CTF 2019-roXen
其它部分这里就不再赘述,原文章写的很详尽,在这里只记录我在看的时候遇到的小小阻碍:
adlit函数实际上就是等式:\(p+adlit(p)=2^l-1\),其中\(l\)是p的二进制长度
这个推论的过程如下:
因为\(adlit(p)=(2^l-1)\oplus p\),而其中\(2^l-1\)是二进制下\(l-1\)位的数字。所以在两边同时加上p,有:

\[\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} p+adlit(p)&=((2^l-1)\oplus p)+p \\ p+adlit(p)&=\neg p+p \end{aligned} \end{equation} \]

而\(\neg p+p\)的结果可以参考下面的程序:

p=eval(bin(2**12-1))
q=0b110101001011
k=p^q
print(bin(2**12-1))
print(len(bin(2**12-1)))
print(bin(q))
print(len(bin(q)))
print(bin(k))
print(len(bin(k)))
print(bin(q+k))
print(len(bin(q+k)))
>>>0b111111111111
>>>14
>>>0b1010110100
>>>12
>>>0b111111111111
>>>14

所以有\(\neg p+p=2^n-1\),其中\(n\)是p的位数加一(2的n次方有n+1位)
而在这个题中,adlit函数就是middle,功能是一样的(虽然我不理解为啥减三也可以……但是把上面那个代码改一改就会发现结果是一样的。)所以这样想的思路就明确了,有:

\[\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} p+middle&=2^{nbits}-3 \\ p+q&=2^{nbits}-3+MIDDLE \end{aligned} \end{equation} \]

这里加上一个MIDDLE(\(MIDDLE<4096\))也可以在一定程度上可以抵消后面那个减三,从而可以把一个推测值直接设成\(2^{nbits}\),不过如果MIDDLE小于3,那么就可能会出现求不出来的情况~
而在这个题中我们无法完全肯定nbits的取值,所以在尽可能缩小取值之后可以进行爆破处理:

  1. 由于n的位数(二进制下)为2063,所以可以尝试将nbits设为1030或者1024等值
  2. 然后可以尝试寻找一个\(\sqrt{(p+q)^2-4p*q}\)可以完全开放的nbits和MIDDLE,从步骤1中设的值开始(或者也可以先做一个循环,找到满足\(4n-(2^{nbits}-3)<4096\)情况的nbits)

不过我也明确了一个问题:工具不是万能的,不能完全依赖工具(尤其是不是自己写的工具)

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