kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

目录

一、服务器准备与配置思路

master(2C/4G,cpu核心数要求大于2) 192.168.80.11 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node01(2C/2G) 192.168.80.12 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node02(2C/2G)192.168.80.13 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
Harbor节点(hub.gxd.com) 192.168.80.14 docker、docker-compose、harbor-offline-v1.2.2

1.在所有节点上安装Docker和kubeadm
2.部署Kubernetes Master
3.部署容器网络插件
4.部署Kubernetes Node,将节点加入Kubernetes集群中
5.部署Dashboard Web 页面,可视化查看Kubernetes资源
6.部署Harbor私有仓库,存放镜像资源

二、环境准备

1.所有节点,关闭防火墙规则,关闭selinux,关闭swap交换
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
swapoff -a						#交换分区必须要关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab		#永久关闭swap分区,&符号在sed命令中代表上次匹配的结果

2.加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done

3.修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02

4.所有节点修改hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.80.11 master01
192.168.80.12 node01
192.168.80.13 node02

5.调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1            #开启网桥模式,可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1                  #关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF

//生效参数
sysctl --system  

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

三、所有节点安装docker

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  }
}
EOF
#使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理,因为相对Cgroupfs而言,Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。
#日志使用json-file格式类型存储,大小为100M,保存在/var/log/containers目录下,方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service 

docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"
Cgroup Driver: systemd

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

四、所有节点安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl

1.定义kubernetes源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

yum install -y kubelet-1.15.1 kubeadm-1.15.1 kubectl-1.15.1

2.开机自启kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet.service
#K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在,即底层是以容器方式运行,所以kubelet必须设置开机自启

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

五、部署K8S集群

5.1 查看初始化需要的镜像

kubeadm config images list

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

5.2 在master节点上传kubeadm-basic.images.tar.gz压缩包至/opt目录

cd /opt
tar zxvf kubeadm-basic.images.tar.gz

for i in $(ls /opt/kubeadm-basic.images/*.tar); do docker load -i $i; done   #加载镜像

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

5.3 复制镜像到两个node节点,并在node节点上加载镜像

scp -r kubeadm-basic.images root@node01:/opt
scp -r kubeadm-basic.images root@node02:/opt
for i in $(ls /opt/kubeadm-basic.images/*.tar); do docker load -i $i; done

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

5.4 初始化kubeadm(只在master01上部署,让node进入即可)

方法一:
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml

cd /opt/
vim kubeadm-config.yaml
......
11 localAPIEndpoint:
12   advertiseAddress: 192.168.80.11		#指定master节点的IP地址
13   bindPort: 6443
......
34 kubernetesVersion: v1.15.1				#指定kubernetes版本号
35 networking:
36   dnsDomain: cluster.local
37   podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"				#指定pod网段,10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
38   serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16			#指定service网段
39 scheduler: {}
--- #末尾再添加以下内容
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
featureGates:
  SupportIPVSProxyMode: true
mode: ipvs									#把默认的service调度方式改为ipvs模式


kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --experimental-upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
#--experimental-upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件,k8sV1.16版本开始替换为 --upload-certs
#tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志

//查看 kubeadm-init 日志
less kubeadm-init.log

//kubernetes配置文件目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/

//存放ca等证书和密码的目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/pki		


方法二:
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=0.0.0.0 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version=v1.15.1 \
--service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
==========================================================
初始化集群需使用kubeadm init命令,可以指定具体参数初始化,也可以指定配置文件初始化。
可选参数:
--apiserver-advertise-address:apiserver的监听地址
--apiserver-bind-port:apiserver的监听端口,默认是6443
--cert-dir:通讯的ssl证书文件,默认/etc/kubernetes/pki
--control-plane-endpoint:控制台平面的共享终端,可以是负载均衡的ip地址或者dns域名,高可用集群时需要添加
--image-repository:拉取镜像的镜像仓库,默认是k8s.gcr.io
--kubernetes-version:指定kubernetes版本
--pod-network-cidr:pod资源的网段,需与pod网络插件的值设置一致。通常,Flannel网络插件的默认为10.244.0.0/16,Calico插件的默认值为192.168.0.0/16;
--service-cidr:service资源的网段
--service-dns-domain:service全域名的后缀,默认是cluster.local
==========================================================
方法二初始化后需要修改 kube-proxy 的 configmap,开启 ipvs
命令:kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n=kube-system
修改mode: ipvs


提示:
......
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.80.11:6443 --token rc0kfs.a1sfe3gl4dvopck5 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:864fe553c812df2af262b406b707db68b0fd450dc08b34efb73dd5a4771d37a2

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

5.5 设定kubectl和加入node节点进集群

//设定kubectl
kubectl需经由API server认证及授权后方能执行相应的管理操作,kubeadm 部署的集群为其生成了一个具有管理员权限的认证配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf,它可由 kubectl 通过默认的 “$HOME/.kube/config” 的路径进行加载。

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config


//在两个node节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令加入群集
kubeadm join 192.168.80.11:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:084191f46776d312bd2af72e20a3cdd9bd68ec4bcea7aa152f9680150df76804

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

5.6 所有节点部署网络插件flannel

方法一:
//所有节点上传flannel镜像 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录,master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件
cd /opt
docker load -i flannel.tar

//在master节点创建flannel资源
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 


方法二:
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

5.7 在master节点查看节点状态

命令:kubectl get nodes

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

5.8 测试pod资源创建

1.kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx

2.kubectl get pods -o wide

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

5.9 暴露端口提供服务

1.kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort

2.kubectl get svc

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

5.10 测试访问

curl http://192.168.80.11:31571或curl http://node01:31571

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

5.11 扩展3个副本

1.kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3
2.kubectl get pods -o wide

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

六、安装dashboard

6.1 所有节点安装dashboard并在主节点加载

方法一:
//所有节点上传dashboard镜像 dashboard.tar 到 /opt 目录,master节点上传kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件
cd /opt/
docker load < dashboard.tar

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml


方法二:
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

6.2 查看所有容器运行状态

kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system -o wide

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

6.3 浏览器访问

https://node02:30001/
https://192.168.80.13:30001/

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

6.4 创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色

kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system

kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

6.5 获取令牌密钥

kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

6.6 复制token令牌直接登录网站

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

七、安装Harbor私有仓库

7.1 修改主机名,并所有主机添加映射

hostnamectl set-hostname hub.gxd.com

echo '192.168.80.14 hub.gxd.com' >> /etc/hosts

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

7.2 安装docker

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "insecure-registries": ["https://hub.gxd.com"]
}
EOF

systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

7.3 所有node节点都修改docker配置文件,加上私有仓库配置

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "insecure-registries": ["https://hub.gxd.com"]
}
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

7.4 安装Harbor

7.4.1 上传harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz 和 docker-compose文件到/opt目录

1.cd /opt
2.移动两个包进/opt目录
3.cp docker-compose /usr/local/bin/
4.chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
5.tar zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz
6.cd harbor/
7.vim harbor.cfg
  hostname = hub.kgc.com   #第5行
  ui_url_protocol = https   #第9行
  ssl_cert = /data/cert/server.crt   #第24行
  ssl_cert_key = /data/cert/server.key   #第25行
  harbor_admin_password = Harbor12345    #第59行

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

7.4.2 生成证书

mkdir -p /data/cert
cd /data/cert
#生成私钥
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
输入两遍密码:123456

#生成证书签名请求文件
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
输入私钥密码:123456
输入国家名:CN
输入省名:BJ
输入市名:BJ
输入组织名:KGC
输入机构名:KGC
输入域名:hub.kgc.com
输入管理员邮箱:admin@kgc.com
其它全部直接回车

#备份私钥
cp server.key server.key.org

#清除私钥密码
openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
输入私钥密码:123456

#签名证书
openssl x509 -req -days 1000 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

chmod +x /data/cert/*

cd /opt/harbor/
./install.sh

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

7.5 浏览器访问

https://hub.gxd.com
用户名:admin
密码:Harbor12345

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

7.6 harbor仓库测试

7.6.1 在一个node节点上登录harbor

docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 https://hub.gxd.com

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

7.6.2 上传镜像

docker tag nginx:latest hub.gxd.com/library/nginx:gxd111
docker push hub.gxd.com/library/nginx:gxd111

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

7.6.3 在master节点上删除之前创建的nginx资源

1.kubectl delete deployment nginx

2.kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=hub.gxd.com/library/nginx:gxd111 --port=80 --replicas=3

3.kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port=30000 --target-port=80       #做端口映射,集群端口与pod端口

4.kubectl get svc,pods

5.yum install ipvsadm -y
ipvsadm -Ln

6.curl 10.100.118.35:30000  #集群ip+集群端口

7.kubectl edit svc nginx-deployment

8.kubectl get svc

9.浏览器访问:
192.168.80.11:30189
192.168.80.12:30189
192.168.80.13:30189

kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor
kubeadm部署安装+dashboard+harbor

八、内核参数优化方案

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0									#禁止使用 swap 空间,只有当系统内存不足(OOM)时才允许使用它
vm.overcommit_memory=1							#不检查物理内存是否够用
vm.panic_on_oom=0								#开启 OOM
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963							#指定最大文件句柄数
fs.nr_open=52706963								#仅4.4以上版本支持
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF
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