1.题目: 饮料1.5 元, 可投入硬币1 元 0.5 元,输出饮料 零钱
2. 画出状态机。
3.仿真结果:coin=1 --> 0.5 元 coin=2-->1元
4.关键代码分析:
本次设计采用了5个状态,输出结果采用寄存器输出,确保输出后稳定可靠,采用的是case(nx_state )语句输出判断的结果,提前一个周期判断,就可以确保输出与当前状态想要的条件到达时的输出条件一直。如上在S3 状态时,直接输出10,S4状态时,直接输出11. 同样的功能还可以用assign 语句,assign {drink_out,change}=(state==S3)?10:00; 但这是组合逻辑输出形式。对于后续模块时序上不太友好。
5.完整代码:
module auto_machine( input clk,rst_n, input [1:0] coin, output reg drink_out, change );//coin =0 no coin ,coin =1--->0.5 yuan coin =2---> 1 yuan reg [2:0] state,nx_state; parameter [2:0] IDLE=3‘d0,S1=3‘d1,S2=3‘d2 ,S3=3‘d3,S4=3‘d4; always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) if(!rst_n) state<=IDLE; else state<=nx_state; always @(*) begin nx_state=IDLE; case(state) IDLE: if(coin==2‘d1) nx_state=S1;else if(coin==2‘d2) nx_state=S2; else nx_state=IDLE; S1: if(coin==2‘d1) nx_state=S2;else if(coin==2‘d2) nx_state=S3; else nx_state=S1; S2: if(coin==2‘d1) nx_state=S3;else if(coin==2‘d2) nx_state=S4; else nx_state=S2; S3: nx_state=IDLE; S4: nx_state=IDLE; default:nx_state=IDLE; endcase end always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) if(!rst_n) {drink_out, change}<=‘b0; else case(nx_state) S3: {drink_out, change}<=10; S4: {drink_out, change}<=11; endcase endmodule
6.测试代码;
`timescale 1ns/1ps module auto_tb(); reg rst_n,clk; reg [1:0]coin; wire drink_out, change; initial begin rst_n=0; clk=0; coin=2‘d0; #100 rst_n=1; #10 coin=2‘d1; #20 coin=2‘d0; #20 coin=2‘d1; #20 coin=2‘d1; //have drink_out #20 coin=2‘d1; #20 coin=2‘d2; //have drink_out #20 coin=2‘d2; #20 coin=2‘d2; //have drink_out and change out #20 coin=2‘d2; end always #10 clk=~clk; auto_machine auto2( clk,rst_n, coin, drink_out, change ); endmodule