解决Python中ZipFile解压文件名中文乱码的问题
问题复现
压缩包目录结构
里面有中文.zip
├── 中文文件.txt
└── 中文文件夹
└── 中文文件.txt
解压代码
from zipfile import ZipFile
with ZipFile(r'./里面有中文.zip') as zfp:
zfp.extractall(r'./原版解压')
解压目录样式
原版解压
├── ╓╨╬─╬─╝■.txt
└── ╓╨╬─╬─╝■╝╨
└── ╓╨╬─╬─╝■.txt
原因分析
zipfile.py中ZipFile在初始化时执行了这样一个方法，目的是读取目录结构，代码如下(可以不看)：
def _RealGetContents(self):
"""Read in the table of contents for the ZIP file."""
fp = self.fp
try:
endrec = _EndRecData(fp)
except OSError:
raise BadZipFile("File is not a zip file")
if not endrec:
raise BadZipFile("File is not a zip file")
if self.debug > 1:
print(endrec)
size_cd = endrec[_ECD_SIZE] # bytes in central directory
offset_cd = endrec[_ECD_OFFSET] # offset of central directory
self._comment = endrec[_ECD_COMMENT] # archive comment
# "concat" is zero, unless zip was concatenated to another file
concat = endrec[_ECD_LOCATION] - size_cd - offset_cd
if endrec[_ECD_SIGNATURE] == stringEndArchive64:
# If Zip64 extension structures are present, account for them
concat -= (sizeEndCentDir64 + sizeEndCentDir64Locator)
if self.debug > 2:
inferred = concat + offset_cd
print("given, inferred, offset", offset_cd, inferred, concat)
# self.start_dir: Position of start of central directory
self.start_dir = offset_cd + concat
fp.seek(self.start_dir, 0)
data = fp.read(size_cd)
fp = io.BytesIO(data)
total = 0
while total < size_cd:
centdir = fp.read(sizeCentralDir)
if len(centdir) != sizeCentralDir:
raise BadZipFile("Truncated central directory")
centdir = struct.unpack(structCentralDir, centdir)
if centdir[_CD_SIGNATURE] != stringCentralDir:
raise BadZipFile("Bad magic number for central directory")
if self.debug > 2:
print(centdir)
filename = fp.read(centdir[_CD_FILENAME_LENGTH])
flags = centdir[5]
if flags & 0x800:
# UTF-8 file names extension
filename = filename.decode('utf-8')
else:
# Historical ZIP filename encoding
filename = filename.decode('cp437')
# Create ZipInfo instance to store file information
x = ZipInfo(filename)
x.extra = fp.read(centdir[_CD_EXTRA_FIELD_LENGTH])
x.comment = fp.read(centdir[_CD_COMMENT_LENGTH])
x.header_offset = centdir[_CD_LOCAL_HEADER_OFFSET]
(x.create_version, x.create_system, x.extract_version, x.reserved,
x.flag_bits, x.compress_type, t, d,
x.CRC, x.compress_size, x.file_size) = centdir[1:12]
if x.extract_version > MAX_EXTRACT_VERSION:
raise NotImplementedError("zip file version %.1f" %
(x.extract_version / 10))
x.volume, x.internal_attr, x.external_attr = centdir[15:18]
# Convert date/time code to (year, month, day, hour, min, sec)
x._raw_time = t
x.date_time = ((d >> 9) + 1980, (d >> 5) & 0xF, d & 0x1F,
t >> 11, (t >> 5) & 0x3F, (t & 0x1F) * 2)
x._decodeExtra()
x.header_offset = x.header_offset + concat
self.filelist.append(x)
self.NameToInfo[x.filename] = x
# update total bytes read from central directory
total = (total + sizeCentralDir + centdir[_CD_FILENAME_LENGTH]
+ centdir[_CD_EXTRA_FIELD_LENGTH]
+ centdir[_CD_COMMENT_LENGTH])
if self.debug > 2:
print("total", total)
其中关于文件名编码的处理是这样的：
if flags & 0x800:
# UTF-8 file names extension
filename = filename.decode('utf-8')
else:
# Historical ZIP filename encoding
filename = filename.decode('cp437')
要么是utf-8要么是cp437，然而咱们在windows平台上压缩包文件名编码大多是gbk，这里用cp437解码了，所以会乱码
解决办法
只需要将filename重新编码cp437解码成gbk就好了，网络上大多数做法是对解压后的文件和目录操作，不太优雅。优雅一点点的方式是直接修改ZipFile对象中的filename
首先找到filename存在于哪里，同样在_RealGetContents这个函数中找到如下代码
x = ZipInfo(filename)
... # 省略若干行
# self是ZipFile对象
self.filelist.append(x)
self.NameToInfo[x.filename] = x
所以至少有两处存在filename
- 列表filelist存储的ZipInfo对象的filename属性
- 字典NameToInfo的键
加个补丁函数把这两处改了试试，代码如下：
from zipfile import ZipFile
def support_gbk(zip_file: ZipFile):
name_to_info = zip_file.NameToInfo
# copy map first
for name, info in name_to_info.copy().items():
real_name = name.encode('cp437').decode('gbk')
if real_name != name:
info.filename = real_name
del name_to_info[name]
name_to_info[real_name] = info
return zip_file
with support_gbk(ZipFile(r'./里面有中文.zip')) as zfp:
zfp.extractall(r'./中文不乱码')
解压出来目录结构如下
中文不乱码
├── 中文文件.txt
└── 中文文件夹
└── 中文文件.txt
完事！
如有问题，欢迎交流！