一:梳理SpringMVC的设计思路
本文只实现自己的@Controller、@RequestMapping、@RequestParam注解起作用,其余SpringMVC功能读者可以尝试自己实现。
1、读取配置
SpringMVC本质上是一个Servlet,这个 Servlet 继承自 HttpServlet。FrameworkServlet负责初始化SpringMVC的容器,并将Spring容器设置为父容器。因为本文只是实现SpringMVC,对于Spring容器不做过多讲解。
为了读取web.xml中的配置,我们用到ServletConfig这个类,它代表当前Servlet在web.xml中的配置信息。通过web.xml中加载我们自己写的MyDispatcherServlet和读取配置文件。
2、初始化阶段
加载配置文件
扫描用户配置包下面所有的类
拿到扫描到的类,通过反射机制,实例化。并且放到ioc容器中(Map的键值对 beanName-bean) beanName默认是首字母小写
初始化HandlerMapping,这里其实就是把url和method对应起来放在一个k-v的Map中,在运行阶段取出
3、运行阶段
每一次请求将会调用doGet或doPost方法,所以统一运行阶段都放在doDispatch方法里处理,它会根据url请求去HandlerMapping中匹配到对应的Method,然后利用反射机制调用Controller中的url对应的方法,并得到结果返回。按顺序包括以下功能:
异常的拦截
获取请求传入的参数并处理参数
通过初始化好的handlerMapping中拿出url对应的方法名,反射调用
二、实现自己的SpringMVC框架
工程文件及目录:
用到javax.servlet.jar
web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>web01</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list> <servlet>
<servlet-name>MySpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.gdut.servlet.MyDispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>application.properties</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet> <servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>MySpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
application.properties文件中只是配置要扫描的包到SpringMVC容器中。application.properties文件内容为:
创建自己的Controller注解,它只能标注在类上面:
package com.gdut.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target; @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MyController {
/**
* 表示给controller注册别名
* @return
*/
String value() default "";
}
RequestMapping注解,可以在类和方法上:
package com.gdut.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target; @Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MyRequestMapping {
/**
* 表示访问该方法的url
* @return
*/
String value() default ""; }
RequestParam注解,只能注解在参数上
package com.gdut.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target; @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MyRequestParam {
/**
* 表示参数的别名,必填
* @return
*/
String value(); }
然后创建MyDispatcherServlet这个类,去继承HttpServlet,重写init方法、doGet、doPost方法,以及加上我们第二步分析时要实现的功能:
package com.gdut.servlet; import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Properties; import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import com.gdut.annotation.MyController;
import com.gdut.annotation.MyRequestMapping; public class MyDispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet { private Properties properties = new Properties(); private List<String> classNames = new ArrayList<>(); private Map<String, Object> ioc = new HashMap<>(); private Map<String, Method> handlerMapping = new HashMap<>(); private Map<String, Object> controllerMap = new HashMap<>(); @Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { // 1.加载配置文件
doLoadConfig(config.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation")); // 2.初始化所有相关联的类,扫描用户设定的包下面所有的类
doScanner(properties.getProperty("scanPackage")); // 3.拿到扫描到的类,通过反射机制,实例化,并且放到ioc容器中(k-v beanName-bean) beanName默认是首字母小写
doInstance(); // 4.初始化HandlerMapping(将url和method对应上)
initHandlerMapping();
} @Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
} @Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
// 处理请求
doDispatch(req, resp);
} catch (Exception e) {
resp.getWriter().write("500!! Server Exception");
} } private void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws Exception {
if (handlerMapping.isEmpty()) {
return;
} String url = req.getRequestURI();
String contextPath = req.getContextPath(); url = url.replace(contextPath, "").replaceAll("/+", "/"); if (!this.handlerMapping.containsKey(url)) {
resp.getWriter().write("404 NOT FOUND!");
return;
} Method method = this.handlerMapping.get(url); // 获取方法的参数列表
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes(); // 获取请求的参数
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = req.getParameterMap(); // 保存参数值
Object[] paramValues = new Object[parameterTypes.length]; // 方法的参数列表
for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
// 根据参数名称,做某些处理
String requestParam = parameterTypes[i].getSimpleName(); if (requestParam.equals("HttpServletRequest")) {
// 参数类型已明确,这边强转类型
paramValues[i] = req;
continue;
}
if (requestParam.equals("HttpServletResponse")) {
paramValues[i] = resp;
continue;
}
if (requestParam.equals("String")) {
for (Entry<String, String[]> param : parameterMap.entrySet()) {
String value = Arrays.toString(param.getValue())
.replaceAll("\\[|\\]", "").replaceAll(",\\s", ",");
paramValues[i] = value;
}
}
}
// 利用反射机制来调用
try {
method.invoke(this.controllerMap.get(url), paramValues);// 第一个参数是method所对应的实例
// 在ioc容器中
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} private void doLoadConfig(String location) {
// 把web.xml中的contextConfigLocation对应value值的文件加载到流里面
InputStream resourceAsStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader()
.getResourceAsStream(location); // 用Properties文件加载文件里的内容
try {
properties.load(resourceAsStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (resourceAsStream != null) {
try {
resourceAsStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} } private void doScanner(String packageName) {
// 把所有的.替换成/
URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader()
.getResource("/" + packageName.replaceAll("\\.", "/")); File dir = new File(url.getFile()); for (File file : dir.listFiles()) {
if (file.isDirectory()) {
// 递归读取包
doScanner(packageName + "." + file.getName());
} else {
String className = packageName + "."
+ file.getName().replace(".class", "");
classNames.add(className);
}
}
} private void doInstance() {
if (classNames.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
for (String className : classNames) {
try {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(MyController.class)) {
ioc.put(toLowerFirstWord(clazz.getSimpleName()),
clazz.newInstance());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} private void initHandlerMapping() {
if (ioc.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
try {
for (Entry<String, Object> entry : ioc.entrySet()) {
Class<? extends Object> clazz = entry.getValue().getClass();
if (!clazz.isAnnotationPresent(MyController.class)) {
continue;
}
// 拼url时,是controller头的url拼上方法上的url
String baseUrl = "";
if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(MyRequestMapping.class)) {
MyRequestMapping annotation = clazz
.getAnnotation(MyRequestMapping.class);
baseUrl = annotation.value();
}
Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
for (Method method : methods) {
if (!method.isAnnotationPresent(MyRequestMapping.class)) {
continue;
}
MyRequestMapping annotation = method
.getAnnotation(MyRequestMapping.class);
String url = annotation.value();
url = (baseUrl + "/" + url).replaceAll("/+", "/");
handlerMapping.put(url, method);
controllerMap.put(url, clazz.newInstance());
System.out.println(url + "," + method);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* 把字符串的首字母小写
*
* @param name
* @return
*/
private String toLowerFirstWord(String name) {
char[] charArray = name.toCharArray();
charArray[0] += 32;
return String.valueOf(charArray);
}
}
这里我们就开发完了自己的SpringMVC,现在我们测试一下:
package com.gdut.core; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import com.gdut.annotation.MyController;
import com.gdut.annotation.MyRequestMapping;
import com.gdut.annotation.MyRequestParam; @MyController
@MyRequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController { @MyRequestMapping("/doTest")
public void test1(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@MyRequestParam("param") String param){
System.out.println(param);
try {
response.getWriter().write( "doTest method success! param:"+param);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} @MyRequestMapping("/doTest2")
public void test2(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
try {
response.getWriter().println("doTest2 method success!");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
访问http://localhost:8080/web01/test/doTest?param=liugh如下:
访问一个不存在的试试:
转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/java1024/p/8556519.html