oc/object-c/ios哪种遍历NSArray/NSDictionary方式快?测试报告

做app的时候,总免不了要多次遍历数组或者字典。
究竟哪种遍历方式比较快呢?我做了如下测试:
首先定义测试用宏:

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#define
MULogTimeintervalBegin(INFO) NSTimeInterval start = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate];\
NSTimeInterval

duration = 0;\
NSLog(@"MULogTimeintervalBegin:%@",
INFO)
 
#define
MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(INFO) duration = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate] - start;\
start
+= duration;\
NSLog(@"%@:%f",
INFO, duration);\
duration
= 0
#define
TESTSCALE 100000

接着编写测试代码:
NSarray:

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-
(
void)testArray
{
    NSMutableArray*
testArray = [
NSMutableArray

arrayWithCapacity:TESTSCALE];
    for

(
NSInteger

i = 1; i <= TESTSCALE; ++i) {
        [testArray
addObject:[
NSString

stringWithFormat:@
"%ld",
i]];
    }
    NSLog(@"init:%ld",
[testArray count]);
     
    __block
NSMutableString*
sum = [
NSMutableString

stringWithCapacity:TESTSCALE];
     
    MULogTimeintervalBegin(@"ArrayTest");
    NSUInteger

count = [testArray count];
    for

(
NSInteger

i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        [sum
appendString:[testArray objectAtIndex:i]];
    }
    [sum
setString:@
""];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"for
statement"
);
     
    for(NSString*
item in testArray) {
        [sum
appendString:item];
    }
    [sum
setString:@
""];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"for-in");
     
    [testArray
enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(
id

obj,
NSUInteger

idx,
BOOL

*stop) {
        [sum
appendString:obj];
    }];
    [sum
setString:@
""];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"enumerateBlock");
}

NSDictionary:

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-
(
void)testDictionary
{
    NSMutableDictionary*
testDic = [
NSMutableDictionary

dictionaryWithCapacity:TESTSCALE];
    for

(
NSInteger

i = 1; i <= TESTSCALE; ++i) {
        [testDic
setObject:@
"test"

forKey:[
NSString

stringWithFormat:@
"%ld",
i]];
    }
    NSLog(@"init:%ld",
[testDic count]);
     
    __block
NSMutableString*
sum = [
NSMutableString

stringWithCapacity:TESTSCALE];
     
    MULogTimeintervalBegin(@"DictionaryTest");
    for

(
NSString*
object in [testDic allValues]) {
        [sum
appendString:object];
    }
    [sum
setString:@
""];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"for
statement allValues"
);
     
    for

(
id

akey in [testDic allKeys]) {
        [sum
appendString:[testDic objectForKey:akey]];
    }
    [sum
setString:@
""];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"for
statement allKeys"
);
     
    [testDic
enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(
id

key,
id

obj,
BOOL

*stop) {
        [sum
appendString:obj];
    }
];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"enumeration");
}

下面是测试结果:
Test Case '-[LoopTestTests testArray]' started.
2012-08-02 17:14:22.061 otest[388:303] init:100000
2012-08-02 17:14:22.062 otest[388:303] MULogTimeintervalBegin:ArrayTest
2012-08-02 17:14:22.075 otest[388:303]for statement:0.013108
2012-08-02 17:14:22.083 otest[388:303]for-in:0.008186
2012-08-02 17:14:22.095 otest[388:303] enumerateBlock:0.012290
Test Case '-[LoopTestTests testArray]' passed (0.165 seconds).
Test Case '-[LoopTestTests testDictionary]' started.
2012-08-02 17:14:22.273 otest[388:303] init:100000
2012-08-02 17:14:22.274 otest[388:303] MULogTimeintervalBegin:DictionaryTest
2012-08-02 17:14:22.284 otest[388:303] for statement allValues:0.010566
2012-08-02 17:14:22.307 otest[388:303] for statement allKeys:0.022377
2012-08-02 17:14:22.330 otest[388:303] enumeration:0.023914
Test Case '-[LoopTestTests testDictionary]' passed (0.217 seconds).

可以看出对于数组来说,for-in方式遍历速度是最快的,普通风格的for和block方式速度差不多。对于字典来说,allValues方式遍历最快,allKeys和block差不多。
那么,为什么会这样呢?
NSArray:

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for

(
NSInteger

i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        [sum
appendString:[testArray objectAtIndex:i]];
}

这里由于存在:[objectAtIndex:i]这样的取操作,所以速度会有所下降。

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for(NSString*
item in testArray) {
        [sum
appendString:item];
}

尽管也有取操作,但是绕开了oc的message机制,速度会快一点。也有可能是编译器为了for-in作了优化。
block为什么会慢一些这个有待研究。
NSDictionary:

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for

(
id

akey in [testDic allKeys]) {
        [sum
appendString:[testDic objectForKey:akey]];
}

这个就很明显了,第二种方法多了一次objectForKey的操作。block的话有待研究。


google了一下,*上面有类似的讨论:点击打开链接
大意是:for-in语法会对容器里面的元素的内存地址建立一个缓冲,遍历的时候从缓冲直接取得元素的地址而不是通过调用方法来获取,所以效率比较高。另外,这也是不能在循环体中修改容器元素的原因之一。

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