Python之路【第十九章】：Django进阶

2021-09-15 12:20:56

Django路由规则

1、基于正则的URL

在templates目录下创建index.html、detail.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

{% for k,item in user_dict.items %}

    <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail-{{ k }}.html">{{ item.name}}</a></li>

{% endfor %}

</body>

</html>

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h2>详细信息</h2>

    <h4>用户名：{{ detail_info.name }}</h4>

    <h4>邮箱：{{ detail_info.email }}</h4>

</body>

</html>

detail.html

在urls.py文件增加对应路径

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from django.contrib import admin

from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^index', views.index),

    url(r'^detail-(\d+).html/', views.detail),

]

在views.py文件创建对应方法

USER_DICT = {

    '1':{'name':'root1','email':'root@live.com'},

    '2':{'name':'root2','email':'root@live.com'},

    '3':{'name':'root3','email':'root@live.com'},

    '4':{'name':'root4','email':'root@live.com'},

}

def index(request):

    return render(request,"index.html",{"user_dict":USER_DICT})

def detail(request,nid):　　# nid指定的是(\d+)里的内容

    detail_info = USER_DICT[nid]

    return render(request, "detail.html", {"detail_info": detail_info})

2、正则URL分组

在urls.py文件增加对应路径

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from django.contrib import admin

from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^index', views.index),

    url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html/', views.detail),
　　 # nid=\d+ uid=\d+

]

在views.py文件创建对应方法

def detail(request,**kwargs):

    print(kwargs)

    #{'nid': '4', 'uid': '3'}

    nid = kwargs.get("nid")

    detail_info = USER_DICT[nid]

    return render(request, "detail.html", {"detail_info": detail_info})

3、request.path_info或request.path（获取当前客户端的访问路径）

在urls.py文件配置

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from django.contrib import admin

from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^index', views.index),

]

urls.py

在views.py文件配置

def index(request):

    print(request.path_info)    #获取客户端当前的访问链接

    # / index

    return render(request,"index.html",{"user_dict":USER_DICT})

views.py

在templates目录下的index.html

<form action="{{ request.path_info }}" method="post">

    <p><input  name="user" type="text" placeholder="用户名"/></p>

    <p><input  name="password" type="password" placeholder="密码"/></p>

    <p><input type="submit" value="提交"/></p>

</form>

参考第8条

4、name（对路由关系进行命名，根据此名称生成自己想要的URL）

在views.py文件配置

def index(request,*args,**kwargs):

    return render(request,"index.html")

views.py

在urls.py文件配置

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from django.contrib import admin

from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^asdfasdfasdf/', views.index, name='i1'),     #第一种方式i1

	url(r'^yug/(\d+)/(\d+)/', views.index, name='i2'),  #第二种方式i2

	url(r'^buy/(?P<pid>\d+)/(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.index, name='i3'),    #第三种方式i3

]

在templates目录下的index.html

<body>

{#第一种方法i1       路径asdfasdfasdf/#}

{#<form action="{% url "i1" %}" method="post">#}

{#第二种方法i2       路径yug/1/2/#}

{#<form action="{% url "i2" 1 2 %}" method="post">#}

{#第三种方法i3       路径buy/1/9//#}

<form action="{% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %}" method="post">

    <p><input  name="user" type="text" placeholder="用户名"/></p>

    <p><input  name="password" type="password" placeholder="密码"/></p>

    <p><input type="submit" value="提交"/></p>

</form>

</body>

5、路由分发（把路由分发到spp urls文件）　

主程序urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^monitor/', include('monitor.urls')), #调整到monitor目录中的urls.py文件

]

monitor下的urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from monitor import views

#

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^login', views.login),

]

6、默认值

在urls.py文件配置

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from cmdb import  views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^index/', views.index, {'name':'root'}),

]

在views.py文件配置

def index(request,name):

    print(name)

    return HttpResponse('OK')

#root

7、命名空间

主程序urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url,include

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^a/', include('cmdb.urls', namespace='author-polls')),

    url(r'^b/', include('cmdb.urls', namespace='publisher-polls')),

]

cmdb下的urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url

from cmdb import  views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^index/', views.detail, name='detail'),

]

在views.py文件配置　　

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

from django.shortcuts import reverse

def detail(request):

    url = reverse('author-polls:detail')

    print(url)

    return HttpResponse('OK')

# /a/index/

html模板中生成url

{% url 'author-polls:detail'  %}

8、补充生成url路径　

from . import  models

def article(request,*args,**kwargs):

    # 第一种方式利用path_info，访问的url

    print(request.path_info)

    # /article/0-0.html/

    # 第二种方式用reverse，自己生成

    # 需要配合urls.py文件 url(r'...',views.article ,name='article')

    from django.urls import reverse

    url = reverse('article',kwargs=kwargs)

    print(url)

    # /article/0-0.html/

Django类方法

1、创建class对业务进行处理

在templates目录下创建home.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="/home/" method="POST">

    <p>

        <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名"/>

    </p>

    <p>

        <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码"/>

    </p>

    <p>

        <input type="submit" value="提交">

    </p>

</form>

</body>

</html>

home.html

在urls.py文件增加home路径

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from django.contrib import admin

from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [

     # 固定语法

    url(r'^home/', views.Home.as_view()),

]

在views.py文件创建类Home

from django.views import View

class Home(View):

    # 先执行dispatch里面的内容

    def dispatch(self,request, *args, **kwargs):

        print("before")

        # 调用父类中的dispatch

        result = super(Home,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

        print("after")

        return result

    # 根据反射获取用户提交方式，执行get或post方法

    def get(self,request):

        print(request.method)

        return render(request,"home.html")

    def post(self,request):

        print(request.method)

        return render(request,"home.html")

Django请求信息

1、获取用户请求相关请求信息以及请求头

def detail(request):

    print(type(request))

    # < class 'django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIRequest'>

    from django.core.handlers.wsgi import  WSGIRequest

    # print(request.environ)

    for k,v in request.environ.items():

        print(k,v)

    # GATEWAY_INTERFACE

    # CGI / 1.1

    # LOGONSERVER \\L-PC

    # REMOTE_HOST

    # REQUEST_METHOD GET

    # PROGRAMFILES C:\Program Files (x86)

    # PROGRAMW6432 C:\Program Files

    # PATH_INFO /a/index/

    # TMP C:\Users\L\AppData\Local\Temp

    # HOMEDRIVE C:

    # COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86) C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files

    # SCRIPT_NAME

    # MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH C:\Program Files (x86)\Foxit Software\Foxit Reader\plugins\

    # REMOTE_ADDR 127.0.0.1

    # wsgi.errors <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>

    # HTTP_COOKIE sessionid=dlczhr2xm0tkg8uvkvk0bmvq5aj9q87n; csrftoken=cq82rWEKolufJRrO6u4Ib4VKHapMuC4nJzhLnLMDEpDeNVhjx7AtEjqZP10DbMqu

    # HTTP_CONNECTION keep-alive

    # wsgi.version (1, 0)

    # CONTENT_TYPE text/plain

    # wsgi.file_wrapper <class 'wsgiref.util.FileWrapper'>

    # CONTENT_LENGTH

    # WINDIR C:\Windows

    # USERDOMAIN L-PC

    # SERVER_PORT 8000

    # SESSIONNAME Console

    # QUERY_STRING

    # CSRF_COOKIE cq82rWEKolufJRrO6u4Ib4VKHapMuC4nJzhLnLMDEpDeNVhjx7AtEjqZP10DbMqu

    # HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING gzip, deflate, sdch

    # PYTHONPATH C:\Users\L\PycharmProjects\Django项目\Day_21

    # ERLANG_HOME C:\Program Files\erl8.1

    # COMMONPROGRAMW6432 C:\Program Files\Common Files

    # HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS 1

    # NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS 4

    # ASL.LOG Destination=file

    # SERVER_PROTOCOL HTTP/1.1

    # PROCESSOR_LEVEL 6

    # USERNAME L

    # PROGRAMFILES(X86) C:\Program Files (x86)

    # SYSTEMROOT C:\Windows

    # ALLUSERSPROFILE C:\ProgramData

    # wsgi.multiprocess False

    # FP_NO_HOST_CHECK NO

    # HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE zh-CN,zh;q=0.8

    # PROCESSOR_REVISION 4501

    # SERVER_SOFTWARE WSGIServer/0.2

    # OS Windows_NT

    # COMSPEC C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe

    # SYSTEMDRIVE C:

    # PUBLIC C:\Users\Public

    # LOCALAPPDATA C:\Users\L\AppData\Local

    # HOMEPATH \Users\L

    # HTTP_USER_AGENT Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36

    # PSMODULEPATH C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\

    # PROGRAMDATA C:\ProgramData

    # wsgi.url_scheme http

    # TEMP C:\Users\L\AppData\Local\Temp

    # RUN_MAIN true

    # PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER Intel64 Family 6 Model 69 Stepping 1, GenuineIntel

    # wsgi.multithread True

    # PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE x86

    # COMMONPROGRAMFILES C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files

    # PYCHARM_HOSTED 1

    # wsgi.input <_io.BufferedReader name=832>

    # DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE Day_21.settings

    # SERVER_NAME L-PC

    # COMPUTERNAME L-PC

    # USERPROFILE C:\Users\L

    # HTTP_HOST 127.0.0.1:8000

    # HTTP_ACCEPT text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8

    # PATHEXT .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC

    # PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432 AMD64

    # PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

    # PYTHONIOENCODING UTF-8

    # APPDATA C:\Users\L\AppData\Roaming

    # wsgi.run_once False

    print(request.environ['HTTP_HOST'])

    return HttpResponse('OK')

Django基础-》》http://www.cnblogs.com/lianzhilei/p/6137137.html

《第十九章》

码农公寓

Django路由规则

Django类方法

Django请求信息

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