If标签
动态SQL可以说是MyBatis最强大之处了,这块的应用主要有四个方面if,choose,trim和foreach,接下来先说说if。
顾名思义,if是用来判断条件的,现在假设我们有个需求,原先我们查询员工是靠id查询的,现在提出新的要求,要求用户输入携带了哪个字段查询条件就带上这个字段的值,
- List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionIf(Employee e);
那么这个sql语句该怎么写呢?
- <select id="EmployeeMapperDynamicTest" resultType="com.figsprite.bean.Employee">
- select * from tb_employee where id = #{id} and last_name like #{lastName}
- and email = #{email} and gender=#{gender}
- </select>
这种写法显然是有问题的,如果传入的Employee中lastName为空,这个select语句就查不出我们想要的结果,还有很多类似的情况,此时,就要使用到if,<if test=""></if>,test属性中采用的是OGNL表达式,与EL表达式和你像,大家可以去官网查找具体的内容[http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-ognl/download_ognl.cgi]
在书写test属性中的OGNL时要注意遇到特殊符号应该写转移字符,比如&要写成&;
具体的对应关系可以查找W3C的手册:
[https://www.w3cschool.cn/htmltags/ref-entities.html]
- <select id="getEmpsByConditionIf" resultType="com.figsprite.bean.Employee">
- select * from tb_employee
- <if test="id!=null">
- id = #{id}
- </if>
- <if test="lastName!=null and lastName!=""">
- and last_name like #{lastName}
- </if>
- <if test="email!=null and email.trim()!=""">
- and email = #{email}
- </if>
- <if test="gender==0 or gender==1">
- gender=#{gender}
- </if>
- </select>
注意两点1.email判断时用到了email.trim() 2.gender原本是字符串,可此处将它当做是是数字,OGNL会进行字符串与数字的转化判断.
做一下测试:
- public static SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory() throws IOException {
- String resource = "mybatis-conf.xml";
- InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
- return new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
- }
- @Test
- public void testGetEmpsByConditionIf() throws IOException {
- SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
- SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
- try {
- EmployeeMapperDynamic mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamic.class);
- Employee e = new Employee();
- e.setId(5);
- e.setLastName("%青%");
- List<Employee> employeeList = mapper.getEmpsByConditionIf(e);
- for (Employee employee:employeeList){
- System.out.println(employee);
- }
- }finally {
- openSession.close();
- }
- }
结果:Employee{id=5, lastName='吴青宁', gender='1', email='wq', department=null}
接着,再试试创建的Employee对象,只给lastName一个属性赋值的情况
- @Test
- public void testGetEmpsByConditionIf() throws IOException {
- SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
- SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
- try {
- EmployeeMapperDynamic mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamic.class);
- Employee e = new Employee();
- e.setLastName("%青%");
- List<Employee> employeeList = mapper.getEmpsByConditionIf(e);
- for (Employee employee:employeeList){
- System.out.println(employee);
- }
- }finally {
- openSession.close();
- }
- }
结果:
报错!!!
分析一下,为什么?如果传入的Employee对象中没有id值,但是有lastName时,SQL语句会变成下面这个样子:
select * from tb_employee and last_name like #{lastName}
显然是个有问题的查询语句,我们该如何解决这个问题?
我们可以将<select>查询中添加1=1,在之后的每个属性前都加上and XXXXXXX,就像下面这样:
- <select id="getEmpsByConditionIf" resultType="com.figsprite.bean.Employee">
- select * from tb_employee where 1=1
- <if test="id!=null">
- and id = #{id}
- </if>
- <if test="lastName!=null and lastName!=""">
- and last_name like #{lastName}
- </if>
- <if test="email!=null and email.trim()!=""">
- and email = #{email}
- </if>
- <if test="gender==0 or gender==1">
- gender=#{gender}
- </if>
- </select>
这显然没有问题,另外一种方法,MyBatis的<where>标签
where标签
使用方法很简单,将之前的<if>标签都包含在<where></where>之中即可
- <select id="getEmpsByConditionIf" resultType="com.figsprite.bean.Employee">
- select * from tb_employee
- <where>
- <if test="id!=null">
- and id = #{id}
- </if>
- <if test="lastName!=null and lastName!=""">
- and last_name like #{lastName}
- </if>
- <if test="email!=null and email.trim()!=""">
- and email = #{email}
- </if>
- <if test="gender==0 or gender==1">
- gender=#{gender}
- </if>
- </where>
- </select>
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: select * from tb_employee WHERE last_name like ?
可以发现<where>能将多余的and或者or去掉,当然where也有不好使的时候,有些人习惯将and放在后面,如下:
- <select id="getEmpsByConditionIf" resultType="com.figsprite.bean.Employee">
- select * from tb_employee
- <where>
- <if test="id!=null">
- and id = #{id} and
- </if>
- <if test="lastName!=null and lastName!=""">
- last_name like #{lastName} and
- </if>
- <if test="email!=null and email.trim()!=""">
- email = #{email} and
- </if>
- <if test="gender==0 or gender==1">
- gender=#{gender}
- </if>
- </where>
- </select>
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: select * from tb_employee WHERE last_name like ? and
SQL语句明显出错,可见<where>只能去掉头部的and或者or
trim标签
如果我就想把and 放在后面,要怎么办?这是我们该用<trim>标签了,<trim>可以自定义截取标签
<trim>标签包含4个属性:
- 前缀:prefix
- 前缀覆盖:prefixOverrides
- 后缀:suffix
- 后缀覆盖:suffixOverrides
trim标签体中是整个字符串拼串后的结果,prefix给拼串后的整个字符串加一个前缀,比如我们可以不在SQL语句中写where而选择在<trim>中写:<trim prefix="where">……
前缀覆盖指的是去掉拼串前面多余的字符
后缀和后缀覆盖同理,那么我们在后面添加and就有可能出现后面多出and的情况,因此我们只要指定后缀覆盖的属性值为and,就可以处理上述情况:
- <select id="getEmpsByConditionTrim" resultType="com.figsprite.bean.Employee">
- select * from tb_employee
- <trim prefix="where" suffixOverrides="and">
- <if test="id!=null">
- id = #{id} and
- </if>
- <if test="lastName!=null and lastName!=""">
- last_name like #{lastName} and
- </if>
- <if test="email!=null and email.trim()!=""">
- email = #{email} and
- </if>
- <if test="gender==0 or gender==1">
- gender=#{gender}
- </if>
- </trim>
- </select>
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: select * from tb_employee where last_name like ?
虽然看似功能强大的<trim>其实并不常用,大家作为了解即可
choose标签
这是一个分支选择标签,类似于Java中的switch-case,之前我们在<if>标签中是逐一判断哪个条件是合法存在的,然后使用该标签,接下来我们换一种要求,已知传入的Employee对象只会有一种属性是存在值的,那么我们就可以使用choose,当然也可以用if
List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionChoose(Employee e);
- <select id="getEmpsByConditionChoose" resultType="com.figsprite.bean.Employee">
- select * from tb_employee
- <where>
- <choose>
- <when test="id!=null">
- id=#{id}
- </when>
- <when test="lastName!=null and lastName!=""">
- last_name like #{lastName}
- </when>
- <when test="email!=null and email.trim()!=""">
- email = #{email}
- </when>
- <otherwise>
- 1=1
- </otherwise>
- </choose>
- </where>
- </select>
(其中test属性中的""要改成")
<otherwise>标签,就是当前面所有的when条件都没中的时候,拼接上这个标签里的语句
- @Test
- public void testGetEmpsByConditionIf() throws IOException {
- SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
- SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
- try {
- EmployeeMapperDynamic mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamic.class);
- Employee e = new Employee();
- e.setLastName("%青%");
- List<Employee> employeeList = mapper.getEmpsByConditionChoose(e);
- for (Employee employee:employeeList){
- System.out.println(employee);
- }
- }finally {
- openSession.close();
- }
- }
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: select * from tb_employee WHERE last_name like ?
如果传入的对象同时包含id和lastName的话会查谁?显然是只会用id作为条件