自签名证书用途很广，测试，开发，本地或者云端网站（比如Microsoft Azure Web Site）都会使用到。本文会介绍一种在Win8.1和Win2012 R2上使用PowerShell快速生成自签名证书，自动导出私钥并在LocalMachine\My和LocalMachine\Root下自动安装的方法。非常易用。
目前来说，我们已有的创建Self-Signed证书方法包括用MakeCert和CertMgr的，用SelfSSL或SelfSSL7的，用IIS 7/8自带功能的，或者用比较复杂的PowerShell脚本. 这些方法会要求记住多个命令行复杂的参数，或者手工UI操作，或者对证书生成的细节逻辑有比较深的认识。这里的脚本方法是使用新系统下自带的Powershell PKI Cmdlet, 只需要告诉最基本的证书Subject, 私钥保护密码，和导出私钥的路径即可：
GenerateSelfSignedCert www.mytest.com MyTestPassword c:\temp\mytest.pfx
使用的函数定义如下
<# .DESCRIPTION SelfSignedCertificate AutoScript .NOTES Author: Freist Li Last Updated: 10/30/2014 #> #Cert Genearation Related Functions #******************************************************************************************************************** #Create Cert, install Cert to My, install Cert to Root, Export Cert as pfx Function GenerateSelfSignedCert{ Param ( $certcn, $password, $certfilepath ) #Check if the certificate name was used before $thumbprintA=(dir cert:\localmachine\My -recurse | where {$_.Subject -match "CN=" + $certcn} | Select-Object -Last 1).thumbprint if ($thumbprintA.Length -gt 0) { Write-Host "Duplicated Cert Name used" -ForegroundColor Cyan return } else { $thumbprintA=New-SelfSignedCertificate -DnsName $certcn -CertStoreLocation cert:\LocalMachine\My |ForEach-Object{ $_.Thumbprint} } #If generated successfully if ($thumbprintA.Length -gt 0) { #query the new installed cerificate again $thumbprintB=(dir cert:\localmachine\My -recurse | where {$_.Subject -match "CN=" + $certcn} | Select-Object -Last 1).thumbprint #If new cert installed sucessfully with the same thumbprint if($thumbprintA -eq $thumbprintB ) { $message = $certcn + " installed into LocalMachine\My successfully with thumprint "+$thumbprintA Write-Host $message -ForegroundColor Cyan $mypwd = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $password -Force –§CAsPlainText Write-Host "Exporting Certificate as .pfx file" -ForegroundColor Cyan Export-PfxCertificate -FilePath $certfilepath -Cert cert:\localmachine\My\$thumbprintA -Password $mypwd Write-Host "Importing Certificate to LocalMachine\Root" -ForegroundColor Cyan Import-PfxCertificate -FilePath $certfilepath -Password $mypwd -CertStoreLocation cert:\LocalMachine\Root } else { Write-Host "Thumbprint is not the same between new cert and installed cert." -ForegroundColor Cyan } } else { $message = $certcn + " is not created" Write-Host $message -ForegroundColor Cyan } }
证书产生和安装成功后，PowerShell输出为：
可以在Certificate Manager Console 里面看到：
对于产生的.pfx文件，可以很容易放到Web服务器或者Microsoft AZure云端使用：
这里是自签名证书生成和安装的 完整的脚本下载链接
如何在Win8.1和Win2012上运用PowerShell快速生成、安装、导出自签名证书 (Self-Signed Certificate)