EvoSuite是由Sheffield等大学联合开发的一种开源工具,用于自动生成测试用例集,生成的测试用例均符合Junit的标准,可直接在Junit中运行。得到了Google和Yourkit的支持。
前期准备
本次所有内容的例子可以通过测者公众号后台,回复evo_mvn关键字获取下载地址
解压到自己的工程目录,在 Tutorial_Maven
的示例目录运行如下命令:
mvn compile
完成compile后代码中的classes的编译字节码放到target/classes目录下。在示例代码中 src/test/java目录下是有一些测试cases,可以通过如下命令运行一下:
mvn test
如果运行ok,那么说明配置一切正常,就可以开始集成EvoSuite了。
-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running tutorial.StackTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.094 sec
加入EvoSuite生成Junit的Cases
要使用EvoSuite,就要在Maven工程的pom.xml文件中引入EvoSuite的插件如下(在 <project>
的子节点加入如下内容):
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.evosuite.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>evosuite-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.0.6</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
Maven自动的就会下载EvoSuite的相关依赖,如果加入后,出现错误,那么需要加入EvoSuite的Maven Respository。
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>EvoSuite</id>
<name>EvoSuite Repository</name>
<url>http://www.evosuite.org/m2</url>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
完成后,通过如下命令进行一下evosuite的测试。
mvn evosuite:help
第一次使用EvoSuite插件,Maven会下来和EvoSuite相关的所有依赖,下载完成后,出现如下相似信息表示配置成功:
[INFO] --- evosuite-maven-plugin:1.0.6:help (default-cli) @ Tutorial_Maven ---
[INFO] Maven Plugin for EvoSuite 1.0.6
Plugin used to run EvoSuite to automatically generate high coverage JUnit
tests
This plugin has 7 goals:
evosuite:clean
Remove all local files created by EvoSuite so far
evosuite:coverage
Execute the manually written test suites (usually located under src/test/java)
and return the coverage of each class.
evosuite:export
When run, EvoSuite generate tests in a specific folder. New runs of EvoSuite
can exploit the tests in such folder, and/or modify them.
So, with 'export' we can copy all generated tests to a specific folder, which
by default points to where Maven searches for tests. If another folder is
rather used (or if we want to run with Maven the tests in the default EvoSuite
folder), then Maven plugins like build-helper-maven-plugin are needed
evosuite:generate
Generate JUnit tests
evosuite:help
Display help information on evosuite-maven-plugin.
Call mvn evosuite:help -Ddetail=true -Dgoal=<goal-name> to display parameter
details.
evosuite:info
Obtain info of generated tests so far
evosuite:prepare
Workaround mojo to overcome bug in Maven. Needed when EvoSuite tests are run
together with manual ones
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.489 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-04-04T10:55:45+01:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 9M/109M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
配置完成后,运行如下命令生成测试代码和mock数据:
mvn evosuite:generate
这有可能需要一段时间,如果电脑性能比较好,可以通过参数设置多并发的generate:
mvn -Dcores=4 evosuite:generate
完成后,可以看到生成了一个.evosuite的目录,里面的best-test就是你需要的代码了。可以通过如下的命令,查看一下generate脚本的信息怎么样:
mvn evosuite:info
返回信息如下:
As we have just invoked EvoSuite on 4 classes, you should get an output like this:
[INFO] --- evosuite-maven-plugin:1.0.6:info (default-cli) @ Tutorial_Maven ---
[INFO] Going to query EvoSuite info on current project
[INFO] * EvoSuite 1.0.6
[INFO] Total number of classes in the project: 4
[INFO] Number of classes in the project that are testable: 4
[INFO] Number of generated test suites: 4
[INFO] Overall coverage: 0.99
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maven项目的JUnit的测试cases一般都是放在src/test/java下,但是EvoSuite生成实在.evosuite下,那么通过如下命令就可以完成对应脚本的而移动了。
mvn evosuite:export
mvn test执行测试
要想通过 mvn test
命令执行测试,还需要在pom的 <dependencies></dependencies>
内加入如下内容:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.evosuite</groupId>
<artifactId>evosuite-standalone-runtime</artifactId>
<version>1.0.6</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
EvoSuite的脚本和RD的脚本分开存放
通过如下命令可以制定脚本的移动位置
mvn evosuite:export -DtargetFolder=src/test/evosuite
或者,通过添加properites制定移动位置
src/test/evosuite
若果在项目中配置了脚本的移动目录,要再次使用mvn test就会报错,因此需要显示指出测试脚本的位置:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.8</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>add-test-source</id>
<phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>add-test-source</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<sources>
<source>${targetFolder}</source>
</sources>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
RD的Junit脚本和EvoSuite的脚本同时执
有时候,我们会同时执行两类脚本,一类是RD手写的代码,一类是EvoSuite自动生成的,进入同时测试并不会出现什么大问题,但是也会对测试结果有片面的影响,因此需要只能EvoSuite仅对其生成的脚本起作用,需要在pom中加入如下插件。
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
<configuration>
<properties>
<property>
<name>listener</name>
<value>org.evosuite.runtime.InitializingListener</value>
</property>
</properties>
</configuration>
</plugin>