在开始详细的说明问题之前,我们先看一段代码
public static void compare1(){
Integer i1 = 127, i2 = 127, i3 = 128, i4 = 128;
System.out.println(i1 == i2);
System.out.println(i1.equals(i2));
System.out.println(i3 == i4);
System.out.println(i3.equals(i4));
}
这段代码输出的结果是什么呢?
答案是:
是不是感到奇怪呢?为什么127的时候==是true,128的时候就变成了false?其实要回答这个问题不难。
Integer在赋值的时候会发生自动装箱操作,调用Integer的valueOf方法,那么我们看一下java的源码(1.8):
/**
* Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
* {@code int} value. If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
* required, this method should generally be used in preference to
* the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
* to yield significantly better space and time performance by
* caching frequently requested values.
*
* This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
* inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
*
* @param i an {@code int} value.
* @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i);
}
这里根据源码可以看出,在传入的i值在IntegerCache.low和IntegerCache.high之间的时候,会返回IntegerCache.cache数组里面的数,不在这个范围才会new一个Integer对象。接下来我们看一下IntegerCache数组的初始化情况:
/**
* Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
* -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
*
* The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache
* may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
* During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
* may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
* sun.misc.VM class.
*/ private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[]; static {
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
try {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
} catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
// If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
}
}
high = h; cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++); // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
} private IntegerCache() {}
}
我们看到IntegerCache的low定义为-128,high默认定义为127.但是high是可以配置的,如果没有配置才是127.我们不去看配置的情况,因为java默认是没有配置的。看一下cache数组,长度为high-low+1,从-128开始到127,存在cache数组内。
从上面的代码中可以看出,java在申请一个大于-128小于127的数时,其实是从cache中直接取出来用的,如果不在这个范围则是new了一个Integer对象。
对于==,他比较的是地址。对于int来说比较的是值。
对于equals,比较的是内容(要看equals的具体实现)。看一下Integer里面的实现:
/**
* Compares this object to the specified object. The result is
* {@code true} if and only if the argument is not
* {@code null} and is an {@code Integer} object that
* contains the same {@code int} value as this object.
*
* @param obj the object to compare with.
* @return {@code true} if the objects are the same;
* {@code false} otherwise.
*/
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof Integer) {
return value == ((Integer)obj).intValue();
}
return false;
}
它比较的确实是值的大小。
因此i1==i2和i1.equals(i2)都是true
i3==i4为false
i3.equals(i4)为true。