ASP.NET从零开始学习EF的增删改查

2022-02-03 08:44:30

ASP.NET从零开始学习EF的增删改查

最近辞职了，但是离真正的离职还有一段时间，趁着这段空档期，总想着写些东西，想来想去，也不是很明确到底想写个啥，但是闲着也是够无聊的。思前想后，今天决定写一个简单的EF的增删改查给大家吧。本次教程，尽量少用控件，尽量做到，纯HTML+JS+后台代码。

好了，废话不说了，能看到这篇文章的，应该都是想知道EF的一些增删改查的操作，所以，应该也是知道EF的一些优点。鉴于也有可能有新手可能第一次使用，我就简略讲一下他的优点。EF的优点，本次讲到的就是，他对数据库的操作集成的非常简单，对指定的表操作的话，只需要一个简单的add或者remove即可，非常简洁。好下面就按着教程来，一步一步往下走。

这次，我们用的是DB first模式。

一、首先要做的事情，就是新建数据库了，这次我们用到的数据库名为：Student，表明为：User，下面的是数据库的生成操作：

USE [master]

/****** Object: Database [Student] Script Date: 05/20/2016 11:36:27 ******/

CREATE DATABASE [Student] ON PRIMARY

( NAME = N'Student', FILENAME = N'F:\Jeffrey9061\SVN\DB\Student.mdf' , SIZE = 3072KB , MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 1024KB )

LOG ON

( NAME = N'Student_log', FILENAME = N'F:\Jeffrey9061\SVN\DB\Student_log.ldf' , SIZE = 1024KB , MAXSIZE = 2048GB , FILEGROWTH = 10%)

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = 100

IF (1 = FULLTEXTSERVICEPROPERTY('IsFullTextInstalled'))

begin

EXEC [Student].[dbo].[sp_fulltext_database] @action = 'enable'

end

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET ANSI_NULL_DEFAULT OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET ANSI_NULLS OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET ANSI_PADDING OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET ANSI_WARNINGS OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET ARITHABORT OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET AUTO_CLOSE OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET AUTO_CREATE_STATISTICS ON

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET AUTO_SHRINK OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS ON

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET CURSOR_CLOSE_ON_COMMIT OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET CURSOR_DEFAULT GLOBAL

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET DISABLE_BROKER

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS_ASYNC OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET DATE_CORRELATION_OPTIMIZATION OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET TRUSTWORTHY OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET PARAMETERIZATION SIMPLE

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET HONOR_BROKER_PRIORITY OFF

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET READ_WRITE

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET RECOVERY FULL

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET MULTI_USER

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET PAGE_VERIFY CHECKSUM

ALTER DATABASE [Student] SET DB_CHAINING OFF

EXEC sys.sp_db_vardecimal_storage_format N'Student', N'ON'

USE [Student]

/****** Object: Table [dbo].[User] Script Date: 05/20/2016 11:36:27 ******/

SET ANSI_NULLS ON

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[User](

[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,

[Name] [nvarchar](50) NULL,

[Age] [int] NULL,

[Sex] [nvarchar](50) NULL,

CONSTRAINT [PK_User] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED

(

[ID] ASC

)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]

) ON [PRIMARY]

二、新建一个asp.net的Web站点，命名为：LMX.EF.Web，如下图：

选择空模板

二、添加EF的ADO.NET实体数据模型，如下图：

命名为：Student

点击：新建连接

填写本地SQL数据库的链接，然后选择：Student数据库，如下：

点击“确定”

点击：“下一步”

选择“6.x”，这里，如果你们用的是VS2013，选“5.0”也一样。

然后点击“完成”。如下图：

添加实体类数据模型到此结束。

三、添加增删改查页面。

1，增加add.aspx

2，修改edit.aspx

3，列表list.aspx（包含搜索和删除）

四、代码实现

add.aspx 前端：

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="add.aspx.cs" Inherits="LMX.EF.Web.add" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head runat="server">

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

    <title>增加用户</title>

    <script src="js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>

    <style type="text/css">

        /*  表格的样式*/

        .tab {

            border-collapse: collapse;

            padding-top: 10px;

            padding-left: 0px;

            padding-right: 0px;

            margin: 0px;

            border: 1px solid #BDBCBC;

        }

        .tr {

            border-collapse: collapse;

            height: 30px;

        }

        .td {

            background-color: #fff;

            font-size: 14px;

            font-family: "微软雅黑";

            text-align: center;

            border-right: 1px solid #BDBCBC;

            border-bottom: 1px dashed #BDBCBC;

        }

    </style>

    <script type="text/javascript">

        $(function () {

            $("#btnSubmit").click(function () {

                var vData = $("#form1").serialize();

                $.ajax({

                    type: 'get',

                    url: location.href + "?type=add",

                    data: vData,

                    success: function (msg) {

                        alert(msg);

                    }

                })

            });

            $("#btnList").click(function () {

                window.location.href = "list.aspx";

            });

        })

    </script>

</head>

<body>

    <form id="form1">

        <table class="tab">

            <tr class="tr">

                <td class="td">姓名</td>

                <td class="td">

                    <input type="text" name="Name" />

                </td>

            </tr>

            <tr class="tr">

                <td class="td">年龄</td>

                <td class="td">

                    <input type="text" name="Age" />

                </td>

            </tr>

            <tr class="tr">

                <td class="td">性别</td>

                <td class="td">

                    <input type="text" name="Sex" />

                </td>

            </tr>

            <tr class="tr">

                <td class="td">

                    <input type="button" id="btnList" value="返回列表" />

                </td>

                <td class="td">

                    <input type="button" id="btnSubmit" value="确认提交" />

                </td>

            </tr>

        </table>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

后端：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.UI;

using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

namespace LMX.EF.Web

{

    public partial class add : System.Web.UI.Page

    {

        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            if (!IsPostBack)

            {

                if (Request.QueryString["type"] == "add")

                {

                    string strName = Request.QueryString["Name"];

                    string strAge = Request.QueryString["Age"];

                    string strSex = Request.QueryString["Sex"];

                    using (StudentEntities ent = new StudentEntities())

                    {

                        User aNewUser = new User()

                        {

                            Age = ,

                            Name = strName,

                            Sex = strSex

                        };

                        ent.User.Add(aNewUser);

                        if (ent.SaveChanges() > )

                        {

                            Response.Write("添加成功。");

                        }

                        else

                        {

                            Response.Write("添加失败。");

                        }

                        Response.End();

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

list.aspx 前端：

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="list.aspx.cs" Inherits="LMX.EF.Web.list" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head runat="server">

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

    <title>列表</title>

    <script src="js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>

    <style type="text/css">

        /*  表格的样式*/

        .tab {

            border-collapse: collapse;

            padding-top: 10px;

            padding-left: 0px;

            padding-right: 0px;

            margin: 0px;

            border: 1px solid #BDBCBC;

        }

        .tr {

            border-collapse: collapse;

            height: 30px;

        }

        .td {

            background-color: #fff;

            font-size: 14px;

            font-family: "微软雅黑";

            text-align: center;

            border-right: 1px solid #BDBCBC;

            border-bottom: 1px dashed #BDBCBC;

        }

    </style>

    <script type="text/javascript">

        $(function () {

            loadData();

            //编辑用户

            $("#btnEdit").click(function () {

                var vID = $("#UserID").val();

                if (vID == "" || vID == null) {

                    alert("请输入用户编号。");

                    return;

                }

                window.location.href = "edit.aspx?id=" + vID;

            });

            //删除用户

            $("#btnDel").click(function () {

                var vID = $("#UserID").val();

                if (vID == "" || vID == null) {

                    alert("请输入用户编号。");

                    return;

                }

                $.ajax({

                    type: 'post',

                    url: location.href + "?type=del&&id="+vID,

                    success: function (data) {

                        alert(data);

                        loadData();

                    }

                })

            });

            //继续添加

            $("#btnAdd").click(function () {

                window.location.href = "add.aspx";

            });

        })

        //获取用户列表

        function loadData() {

            var vHead = "<tr class=\"tr\"><td class=\"td\">编号</td><td class=\"td\">姓名</td><td class=\"td\">年龄</td><td class=\"td\">性别</td></tr>";

            $.ajax({

                type: 'get',

                url: location.href + "?type=loadData",

                success: function (data) {

                    if (data != null) {

                        data = JSON.parse(data);

                        for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {

                            vHead += "<tr class=\"tr\"><td class=\"td\">" + data[i].ID + "</td><td class=\"td\">" + data[i].Name + "</td><td class=\"td\">" + data[i].Age + "</td><td class=\"td\">" + data[i].Sex + "</td></tr>";

                        }

                    }

                    $("#tabList").html(vHead);

                }

            })

        }

    </script>

</head>

<body>

    <table class="tab" id="tabList">

        <tr class="tr">

            <td class="td">编号</td>

            <td class="td">姓名</td>

            <td class="td">年龄</td>

            <td class="td">性别</td>

        </tr>

    </table>

    <br />

    <input type="button" id="btnAdd" value="继续添加" />

    <br />

    用户编号：<input type="text" id="UserID" /><input type="button" id="btnEdit" value="编辑" /><input type="button" id="btnDel" value="删除" />

</body>

</html>

后端：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Script.Serialization;

using System.Web.UI;

using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

namespace LMX.EF.Web

{

    public partial class list : System.Web.UI.Page

    {

        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            if (!IsPostBack)

            {

                if (Request.QueryString["type"] == "loadData")

                {

                    using (StudentEntities ent = new StudentEntities())

                    {

                        List<User> userList = ent.User.ToList();

                        JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer();

                        string strJsonData = js.Serialize(userList);

                        Response.Write(strJsonData);

                        Response.End();

                    }

                }

                if (Request.QueryString["type"] == "del")

                {

                    string strID = Request.QueryString["id"];

                    int iID = int.Parse(strID);

                    using (StudentEntities ent = new StudentEntities())

                    {

                        User aUser = (from c in ent.User where c.ID == iID select c).FirstOrDefault();

                        if (aUser != null)

                        {

                            ent.User.Remove(aUser);

                            if (ent.SaveChanges() > )

                            {

                                Response.Write("删除成功。");

                            }

                            else

                            {

                                Response.Write("删除失败。");

                            }

                        }

                        else

                        {

                            Response.Write("不存在此用户，请确认用户ID是否正确。");

                        }

                        Response.End();

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

edit.aspx 前端：

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="edit.aspx.cs" Inherits="LMX.EF.Web.edit" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head runat="server">

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

    <title>编辑</title>

    <script src="js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>

    <script type="text/javascript">

        $(function () {

            $("#btnList").click(function () {

                window.location.href = "list.aspx";

            });

        })

    </script>

</head>

<body>

    <form id="form1" runat="server">

        <table class="tab">

            <tr class="tr">

                <td class="td">姓名</td>

                <td class="td">

                    <asp:TextBox ID="Name" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

                    <asp:TextBox ID="id" runat="server" Visible="False"></asp:TextBox>

                </td>

            </tr>

            <tr class="tr">

                <td class="td">年龄</td>

                <td class="td">

                    <asp:TextBox ID="Age" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

                </td>

            </tr>

            <tr class="tr">

                <td class="td">性别</td>

                <td class="td">

                    <asp:TextBox ID="Sex" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

                </td>

            </tr>

            <tr class="tr">

                <td class="td">

                    <input type="button" id="btnList" value="返回列表" />

                </td>

                <td class="td">

                    <asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="确认提交" OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />

                </td>

            </tr>

        </table>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

后端：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.UI;

using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

namespace LMX.EF.Web

{

    public partial class edit : System.Web.UI.Page

    {

        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            if (!IsPostBack)

            {

                string strID = Request.QueryString["id"];

                int iID = int.Parse(strID);

                using (StudentEntities ent = new StudentEntities())

                {

                    User aUser = (from c in ent.User where c.ID == iID select c).FirstOrDefault();

                    if (aUser != null)

                    {

                        Name.Text = aUser.Name;

                        Age.Text = aUser.Age.ToString();

                        Sex.Text = aUser.Sex;

                        id.Text = strID;

                    }

                }

            }

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 提交修改

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="sender"></param>

        /// <param name="e"></param>

        protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            string strName = Name.Text;

            string strAge = Age.Text;

            string strSex = Sex.Text;

            string strID = id.Text;

            int iID = int.Parse(strID);

            using (StudentEntities ent = new StudentEntities())

            {

                User aUser = (from c in ent.User where c.ID == iID select c).FirstOrDefault();

                if (aUser != null)

                {

                    aUser.Name = strName;

                    aUser.Age = ;

                    aUser.Sex = strSex;

                    if (ent.SaveChanges() > )

                    {

                        Response.Write("<script>alert('修改成功。')</script>");

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

到这里，就大功告成啦，接下来的东西，就由大家自己去展开拓展了，本次经验分享到此结束，如果觉得写得不错，或者对你有帮助，请点“好文要顶”或者“关注我”，转载请保留原作者地址以及姓名。

我新建一个QQ群，如果有问题，可以在群里提。如果合适，也会根据大家提的比较多的问题，来写篇博文，帮助更多的人，群号：275523437

点击链接加入群【.Net,MVC,EasyUI,MUI,Html,JS】：http://jq.qq.com/?_wv=1027&k=2A0RbLd

（如果有私活，或者一起合作的，也可以私信找我呀，嘿嘿）；

作者：南宫萧尘

E-mail：314791147@qq.com

QQ：314791147

日期：2016-05-20

码农公寓

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