一、Heartbeat概念
Heartbeat是Linux-HA项目中的一个组件,也是目前开源HA项目中最成功的一个例子, Linux-HA的全称是High-Availability Linux,这个开源项目的目标是:通过社区开发者的共同努力,提供一个增强linux可靠性(reliability)、可用性(availability)和可服务性(serviceability)(RAS)的群集解决方案.Heartbeat提供了所有 HA 软件所需要的基本功能,比如心跳检测和资源接管、监测群集中的系统服务、在群集中的节点间转移共享 IP 地址的所有者等.
Heartbeat官方站点:
二、准备工作
1、Heartbeat网络架构
2、操作系统
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CentOS 6.4 X86-64 最小化安装 由于用源码编译安装heartbeat一直没有通过,所以没办法只能采用yum安装。 heartbeat v3 |
3、地址规划
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node1 192.168.0.101 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1 node1. test .com eth1 Active
node2 192.168.0.102 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1 node2. test .com eth1 Passive
node3 192.168.0.103 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1 node3. test .com eth1 nfs
vip 192.168.0.200 255.255.255.0 |
4、主机名解析
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[root@node1 ~] # uname -n
node1. test .com
[root@node1 ~] # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.0.101 node1. test .com node1
192.168.0.102 node2. test .com node2
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[root@node2 ~] # uname -n
node2. test .com
[root@node2 ~] # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.0.101 node1. test .com node1
192.168.0.102 node2. test .com node2
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5、双机互信
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[root@node1 ~] # ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P ''
Generating public /private rsa key pair.
Created directory '/root/.ssh' .
Your identification has been saved in /root/ . ssh /id_rsa .
Your public key has been saved in /root/ . ssh /id_rsa .pub.
The key fingerprint is: ce:f3:d7:63:10:9b:d2:86:f8:8a:5a:ee:41:d8:d2:01 root@node1. test .com
The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | E | | . | | . | | + . . | | o + S. o + | | o o. o * | | o +. o o | | o o o. . + | | .o+ .... . . | +-----------------+ [root@node1 ~] # ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2.test.com
The authenticity of host 'node2.test.com (192.168.0.102)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 46:b9:7c:11:db:75:93:ad:f1:26:f0:a7:4d:00:40:20. Are you sure you want to continue connecting ( yes /no )? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'node2.test.com,192.168.0.102' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@node2. test .com's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'root@node2.test.com'" , and check in :
. ssh /authorized_keys
to make sure we haven 't added extra keys that you weren' t expecting.
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[root@node2 ~] # ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P ''
Generating public /private rsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /root/ . ssh /id_rsa .
Your public key has been saved in /root/ . ssh /id_rsa .pub.
The key fingerprint is: c4:e3:71:f8:82:09:f0:42:9c:e7:20:db:db:ce: dc :0b root@node2. test .com
The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | .o. | |..+o. . . | | +.+o * . | |. .... = = | | o o S . | | . . . | | +E. | | +.. | | .. | +-----------------+ [root@node2 ~] # ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node1.test.com
The authenticity of host 'node1.test.com (192.168.0.101)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 46:b9:7c:11:db:75:93:ad:f1:26:f0:a7:4d:00:40:20. Are you sure you want to continue connecting ( yes /no )? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'node1.test.com,192.168.0.101' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@node1. test .com's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'root@node1.test.com'" , and check in :
. ssh /authorized_keys
to make sure we haven 't added extra keys that you weren' t expecting.
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6、时间同步
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# yum -y install ntpdate # ntpdate asia.pool.ntp.org |
7、关闭防火墙
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# getenforce Disabled # /etc/init.d/iptables status iptables:未运行防火墙。 |
三、安装heartbeat包
1、node1和node2节点安装epel源
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# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm # wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm # rpm -Uvh remi-release-6*.rpm epel-release-6*.rpm |
2、修改epel源的配置文件
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# sed -i 's/#baseurl/baseurl/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo # sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo |
3、安装heartbeat包
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# yum install heartbeat heartbeat-libs |
4、查看heartbeat所依赖的包
四、配置Heartbeat服务
1、heartbeat配置文件的介绍
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heartbeat3个配置文件 authkeys #节点之间认证的秘钥key文件,权限为600
ha.cf #heartbeat服务核心配置文件
haresources #集群资源管理器(haresource | crm)
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2、拷贝heartbeat初始配置文件
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[root@node1 ~] # cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/{ha.cf,authkeys,haresources} /etc/ha.d/
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3、编辑authkeys文件
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[root@node1 ~] # dd if=/dev/random bs=512 count=1 | openssl md5 #生成密钥随机数
记录了0+1 的读入 记录了0+1 的写出 72字节(72 B)已复制,4.8467e-05 秒,1.5 MB/秒 (stdin)= acf7401e6b20d4cec482ba1160eb8efe [root@node1 ~] # vim /etc/ha.d/authkeys
#注释:末尾添加以下两行 auth 1 1 md5 acf7401e6b20d4cec482ba1160eb8efe [root@node1 ~] # chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys
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4、编辑ha.cf主配置文件
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[root@node1 ha.d] # grep -v '^#' ha.cf |sed '/^$/d'
注释:主要修改两处,其它的都可以默认 logfacility local0 mcast eth1 225.100.100.100 694 1 0 #修改心跳信息的传播方式|组播
auto_failback on node node1. test .com #配置集群中的节点数
node node2. test .com #配置集群中的节点数
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5、编辑haresources配置文件
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[root@node1 ha.d] # grep -v '^#' /etc/ha.d/haresources
node1. test .com IPaddr::192.168.0.200 /24/eth1 httpd
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6、拷贝配置文件到node2节点
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[root@node1 ~] # scp /etc/ha.d/{ha.cf,haresources,authkeys} root@node2.test.com:/etc/ha.d/
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五、节点提供httpd服务
1、安装httpd包
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[root@node1 ~] # yum -y install httpd
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2、提供测试页面
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[root@node1 ~] # echo "<h1>node1.test.com</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html
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3、启动httpd服务
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[root@node1 ~] # service httpd start
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4、浏览器访问web页面
注释:测试完成后关闭服务,并让其开机不启动,httpd由heartbeat(haresource)管理
5、停止httpd服务,设置开机不启动httpd服务
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[root@node1 ~] # service httpd stop
停止 httpd: [确定] [root@node1 ~] # chkconfig httpd off
[root@node1 ~] # chkconfig --list httpd
httpd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭 |
6、节点2同上操作
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[root@node2 ~] # yum -y install httpd
[root@node2 ~] # echo "<h1>node2.test.com</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@node2 ~] # service httpd start
[root@node2 ~] # service httpd stop
[root@node2 ~] # chkconfig httpd off
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7、访问节点2的httpd服务测试页面
六、启动heartbeat服务
1、启动heartbeat服务
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[root@node1 ~] # /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services: INFO: Resource is stopped Done. [root@node1 ~] # ssh node2 "/etc/init.d/heartbeat start"
Starting High-Availability services: 2014 /12/25_21 :09:12 INFO: Resource is stopped
Done. |
2、查看heartbeat日志
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[root@node1 ~] # tail -f /var/log/message
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3、查看vip信息
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[root@node1 ~] # ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link /loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1 /8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1 /128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:c7:14:97 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.101 /24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth1
inet 192.168.0.200 /24 scope global eth1 #vip已经成功绑定在eth1的网卡上
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec7:1497 /64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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4、查看httpd服务是否被heartbeat接管
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[root@node1 ~] # netstat -tnlpu |grep httpd
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2140 /httpd
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5、浏览器访问测试
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[root@node1 ~] # sh /usr/share/heartbeat/hb_standby
Going standby [all]. |
7、查看node1节点的日志信息
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[root@node1 ~] # tail -f /var/log/messages
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 heartbeat: [1255]: info: node1. test .com wants to go standby [all]
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 heartbeat: [1255]: info: standby: node2. test .com can take our all resources
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 heartbeat: [1701]: info: give up all HA resources (standby). Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 ResourceManager(default)[1714]: info: Releasing resource group: node1. test .com IPaddr::192.168.0.200 /24/eth1 httpd
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 ResourceManager(default)[1714]: info: Running /etc/init .d /httpd stop
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 ResourceManager(default)[1714]: info: Running /etc/ha .d /resource .d /IPaddr 192.168.0.200 /24/eth1 stop
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 IPaddr(IPaddr_192.168.0.200)[1789]: INFO: IP status = ok, IP_CIP= Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 /usr/lib/ocf/resource .d //heartbeat/IPaddr (IPaddr_192.168.0.200)[1763]: INFO: Success
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 heartbeat: [1701]: info: all HA resource release completed (standby). Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 heartbeat: [1255]: info: Local standby process completed [all]. Dec 25 21:36:12 node1 heartbeat: [1255]: WARN: 1 lost packet(s) for [node2. test .com] [425:427]
Dec 25 21:36:12 node1 heartbeat: [1255]: info: remote resource transition completed. Dec 25 21:36:12 node1 heartbeat: [1255]: info: No pkts missing from node2. test .com!
Dec 25 21:36:12 node1 heartbeat: [1255]: info: Other node completed standby takeover of all resources. |
8、注释说明
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node1节点由Active切换到Passive后,httpd服务停止,vip有node1转移到node2上 |
9、查看node2节点
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[root@node2 ~] # ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link /loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1 /8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1 /128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:ad:9f:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.102 /24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth1
inet 192.168.0.200 /24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fead:9f36 /64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@node2 ~] # netstat -tnlp |grep httpd
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2709 /httpd
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10、vip转移后再次访问
到此处,最基本最简单的heartbeat服务的高可用就完成了。
七、Heartbeat的共享存储
1、配置node3的NFS服务
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[root@node3 ~] # yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
[root@node3 ~] # mkdir /web/htdocs -p
[root@node3 ~] # cat /etc/exports
/web/htdocs 192.168.0.0 /24 (ro)
[root@node3 ~] # /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
[root@node3 ~] # /etc/init.d/nfs start
[root@node3 ~] # showmount -e '192.168.0.103'
Export list for 192.168.0.103:
/web/htdocs 192.168.0.0 /24
[root@node3 ~] # echo "<h1>node3 nfs server</h1>" > /web/htdocs/index.html
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2、节点挂载测试
node1
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[root@node1 ~] # mount -t nfs 192.168.0.103:/web/htdocs /mnt/
[root@node1 ~] # ll /mnt/
总用量 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody nobody 26 12月 25 21:53 index.html [root@node1 ~] # cat /mnt/index.html
<h1>node3 nfs server< /h1 >
[root@node1 ~] # df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 16134560 1395740 13919212 10% /
tmpfs 247208 0 247208 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 495844 32418 437826 7% /boot
192.168.0.103: /web/htdocs
16134560 1302528 14012416 9% /mnt
[root@node1 ~] # umount /mnt/
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node2
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[root@node2 ~] # mount -t nfs 192.168.0.103:/web/htdocs /mnt/
[root@node2 ~] # ll /mnt/
总用量 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody nobody 26 12月 25 21:53 index.html [root@node2 ~] # cat /mnt/index.html
<h1>node3 nfs server< /h1 >
[root@node2 ~] # df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 16134560 1416796 13898156 10% /
tmpfs 247208 0 247208 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 495844 32418 437826 7% /boot
192.168.0.103: /web/htdocs
16134560 1302528 14012416 9% /mnt
[root@node2 ~] # umount /mnt/
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3、停止node1和node2节点的heartbeat服务
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[root@node1 ~] # ssh node2 'service heartbeat stop'
Stopping High-Availability services: Done. [root@node1 ~] # service heartbeat stop
Stopping High-Availability services: Done. |
4、修改haresource配置文件
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[root@node1 ~] # vim /etc/ha.d/haresources
node1. test .com IPaddr::192.168.0.200 /24/eth1 Filesystem::192.168.0.103: /web/htdocs :: /var/www/html ::nfs httpd
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5、拷贝修改后的haresource配置文件到node2
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[root@node1 ~] # scp /etc/ha.d/haresources root@node2.test.com:/etc/ha.d/
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6、启动节点的heartbeat服务
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[root@node1 ~] # service heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services: INFO: Resource is stopped Done. [root@node1 ~] # ssh node2 "service heartbeat start"
Starting High-Availability services: 2014 /12/25_22 :01:40 INFO: Resource is stopped
Done. |
7、浏览器测试访问
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[root@node1 ~] # ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link /loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1 /8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1 /128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:c7:14:97 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.101 /24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth1
inet 192.168.0.200 /24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec7:1497 /64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@node1 ~] # netstat -tnlp |grep httpd
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 3301 /httpd [root@node1 ~] # df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 16134560 1395756 13919196 10% /
tmpfs 247208 0 247208 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 495844 32418 437826 7% /boot
192.168.0.103: /web/htdocs
16134560 1302528 14012416 9% /var/www/html
[root@node1 ~] # cat /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>node3 nfs server< /h1 >
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9、停止node1节点的heartbeat服务,进行切换,并查看vip信息,再次访问vip地址
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[root@node1 ~] # service heartbeat stop
Stopping High-Availability services: Done. [root@node1 ~] # ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link /loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1 /8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1 /128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:c7:14:97 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.101 /24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec7:1497 /64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@node1 ~] # netstat -tnlp |grep httpd
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八、测试Heartbeat高可用
正常关闭和重启主节点的heartbeat服务 或者 脚本切换主节点为备用节点
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细节流程: 正常关闭Heartbeat服务: /etc/init .d /heartbeat stop && service heartbeat stop
脚本切换主节点为备用节点:sh /usr/share/heartbeat/hb_standby
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在主节点node1上关闭heartbeat服务执行“service heartbeat stop”,正常关闭主节点的heartbeat服务进程。此时主节点通过“ip addr”命令查看主节点的网卡信息,正常情况下, 应该可以看到主节点已经释放了集群服务的ip(vip)地址,同时释放了挂载磁盘的共享分区,并且httpd服务处于停止状态。 然后登陆备用节点执行“ ssh node2'”查看备用节点node2相关属性信息,在备用节点node2上用“ip addr”命令查看集群ip(vip)是否已经被接管,同时是否已经挂载上了共享磁盘分区,
并且httpd服务是否已经启动;得出的结论就是备用节点已经接管了vip地址,共享磁盘分区已经被挂载,httpd服务已经启动。 在这个过程中,使用 ping 命令对集群服务ip(vip)进行测试,可以看到集群服务ip一直处于可通状态,并没有任何延迟和堵塞现象,也就是说在正常关闭主节点node1上的heartbeat服务
的情况下,主备节点的切换时无缝的,HA对外提供的服务可以不间断运行。 接着,主节点的Heartbeat服务正常启动,那么备用节点的集群服务ip(vip)将被释放,同时卸载挂载的共享磁盘分区和停止httpd服务,反而主节点将再次接管集群服务ip(vip)和 挂载共享磁盘分区,其实备用节点释放资源与主节点绑定资源是同步进行的。因而,这个过程也是一个无缝切换。 但是大家需要注意的是主节点重新上线后,在进行 ping 测试的过程中会有一次中断,不过是瞬间的 影响不是很大。
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到此,heartbeat的web高可用就完成了。后续会继续补充Heartbeat对mysql服务的高可用!