一、使用MySQL本身的Mysqlslap工具
mysqlslap是mysql自带的基准测试工具,该工具查询数据,语法简单,灵活容易使用.该工具可以模拟多个客户端同时并发的向服务器发出查询更新,给出了性能测试数据而且提供了多种引擎的性能比较。mysqlslap为mysql性能优化前后提供了直观的验证依据,系统运维和DBA人员应该掌握一些常见的压力测试工具,才能准确的掌握线上数据库支撑的用户流量上限及其抗压性等问题。
1.1 更改其默认的最大连接数
在对MySQL进行压力测试之前，需要更改其默认的最大连接数，如下：
[root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
max_connections=1024
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql> show variables like ‘max_connections‘;
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 1024 |
+-----------------+-------+
#验证修改已经生效
[root@db01 ~]# mysqlslap --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --concurrency=100,200 --iterations=1 --number-int-cols=20 --number-char-cols=30 --auto-generate-sql --auto-generate-sql-add-autoincrement --auto-generate-sql-load-type=mixed --engine=myisam,innodb --number-of-queries=2000 -uroot -p123 --verbose
#模拟测试两次读写并发，第一次100，第二次200，自动生成SQL脚本，测试表包含20个init字段，30个char字段，每次执行2000查询请求。测试引擎分别是myisam，innodb。
Benchmark
Running for engine myisam
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.325 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.325 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.325 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 100
Average number of queries per client: 20
#Myisam第一次100客户端同时发起增查用0.325/s
Benchmark
Running for engine myisam
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.331 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.331 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.331 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 200
Average number of queries per client: 10
#Myisam第二次200客户端同时发起增查用0.331/s
Benchmark
Running for engine innodb
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.661 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.661 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.661 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 100
Average number of queries per client: 20
#Innodb第一次100客户端同时发起增查用0.661/s
Benchmark
Running for engine innodb
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.610 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.610 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.610 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 200
Average number of queries per client: 10
#Innodb第二次200客户端同时发起增查用0.610/s
可以根据实际需求，一点点的加大并发数量进行压力测试！
关于mysqlslap工具各个选项的详细解释可以通过mysqlslap --help进行查询！
二、使用第三方sysbench工具
2.1 安装sysbench工具
[root@db01 ~]# yum -y install epel-release
#安装epel源
[root@db01 ~]# yum -y install sysbench
#安装sysbench工具
[root@db01 ~]# sysbench --version
sysbench 1.0.17
#查询sysbench工具的版本信息，确认sysbench工具已经安装
sysbench可以进行以下测试：
- CPU运算性能测试；
- 磁盘IO性能测试；
- 调度程序性能测试；
- 内存分配及传输速度测试；
- POSIX线程性能测试；
- 数据库性能测试（OLTP 基准测试，需要通过 /usr/share/sysbench/ 目录中的 Lua 脚本执行，例如 oltp_read_only.lua 脚本执行只读测试）；
- sysbench还可以通过运行命令时指定自己的Lua脚本进行自定义测试；
2.2 查看sysbench工具的帮助选项
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --help
Usage:
sysbench [options]... [testname] [command]
Commands implemented by most tests: prepare run cleanup help # 可用的命令，四个
General options: # 通用选项
--threads=N 要使用的线程数，默认 1 个 [1]
--events=N 最大允许的事件个数 [0]
--time=N 最大的总执行时间，以秒为单位 [10]
--forced-shutdown=STRING 在 --time 时间限制到达后，强制关闭之前等待的秒数，默认“off”禁用（number of seconds to wait after the --time limit before forcing shutdown, or ‘off‘ to disable） [off]
--thread-stack-size=SIZE 每个线程的堆栈大小 [64K]
--rate=N 平均传输速率。0 则无限制 [0]
--report-interval=N 以秒为单位定期报告具有指定间隔的中间统计信息 0 禁用中间报告 [0]
--report-checkpoints=[LIST,...] 转储完整的统计信息并在指定的时间点重置所有计数器。参数是一个逗号分隔的值列表，表示从测试开始经过这个时间量时必须执行报告检查点（以秒为单位）。报告检查点默认关闭。 []
--debug[=on|off] 打印更多 debug 信息 [off]
--validate[=on|off] 尽可能执行验证检查 [off]
--help[=on|off] 显示帮助信息并退出 [off]
--version[=on|off] 显示版本信息并退出 [off]
--config-file=FILENAME 包含命令行选项的文件
--tx-rate=N 废弃，改用 --rate [0]
--max-requests=N 废弃，改用 --events [0]
--max-time=N 废弃，改用 --time [0]
--num-threads=N 废弃，改用 --threads [1]
Pseudo-Random Numbers Generator options: # 伪随机数发生器选项
--rand-type=STRING random numbers distribution {uniform,gaussian,special,pareto} [special]
--rand-spec-iter=N number of iterations used for numbers generation [12]
--rand-spec-pct=N percentage of values to be treated as ‘special‘ (for special distribution) [1]
--rand-spec-res=N percentage of ‘special‘ values to use (for special distribution) [75]
--rand-seed=N seed for random number generator. When 0, the current time is used as a RNG seed. [0]
--rand-pareto-h=N parameter h for pareto distribution [0.2]
Log options: # 日志选项
--verbosity=N verbosity level {5 - debug, 0 - only critical messages} [3]
--percentile=N percentile to calculate in latency statistics (1-100). Use the special value of 0 to disable percentile calculations [95]
--histogram[=on|off] print latency histogram in report [off]
General database options: # 通用的数据库选项
--db-driver=STRING 指定要使用的数据库驱动程序 (‘help‘ to get list of available drivers)
--db-ps-mode=STRING prepared statements usage mode {auto, disable} [auto]
--db-debug[=on|off] print database-specific debug information [off]
Compiled-in database drivers: # 內建的数据库驱动程序，默认支持 MySQL 和 PostgreSQL
mysql - MySQL driver
pgsql - PostgreSQL driver
mysql options: # MySQL 数据库专用选项
--mysql-host=[LIST,...] MySQL server host [localhost]
--mysql-port=[LIST,...] MySQL server port [3306]
--mysql-socket=[LIST,...] MySQL socket
--mysql-user=STRING MySQL user [sbtest]
--mysql-password=STRING MySQL password []
--mysql-db=STRING MySQL database name [sbtest]
--mysql-ssl[=on|off] use SSL connections, if available in the client library [off]
--mysql-ssl-cipher=STRING use specific cipher for SSL connections []
--mysql-compression[=on|off] use compression, if available in the client library [off]
--mysql-debug[=on|off] trace all client library calls [off]
--mysql-ignore-errors=[LIST,...] list of errors to ignore, or "all" [1213,1020,1205]
--mysql-dry-run[=on|off] Dry run, pretend that all MySQL client API calls are successful without executing them [off]
pgsql options: # PostgreSQL 数据库专用选项
--pgsql-host=STRING PostgreSQL server host [localhost]
--pgsql-port=N PostgreSQL server port [5432]
--pgsql-user=STRING PostgreSQL user [sbtest]
--pgsql-password=STRING PostgreSQL password []
--pgsql-db=STRING PostgreSQL database name [sbtest]
Compiled-in tests: # 內建测试类型
fileio - File I/O test
cpu - CPU performance test
memory - Memory functions speed test
threads - Threads subsystem performance test
mutex - Mutex performance test
See ‘sysbench <testname> help‘ for a list of options for each test.
2.3 sysbench测试MySQL性能
① 准备测试数据
[root@db01 ~]# sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua help
#查看sysbench自带的lua脚本使用方法
[root@db01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123 create sbtest;
#必须创建sbtest库，sbtest是sysbench默认使用的库名
[root@db01 ~]# sysbench --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123 /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua --tables=10 --table_size=100000 prepare
#准备测试所用的表，这些测试表放在测试库sbtest中。这里使用的lua脚本为/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua
#--tables=10表示创建10个测试表
#--table_size=100000表示每个表中插入10W行数据
#prepare表示这是准备数的过程
② 确认测试数据存在
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e ‘show tables from sbtest;‘
+------------------+
| Tables_in_sbtest |
+------------------+
| sbtest1 |
| sbtest10 |
| sbtest2 |
| sbtest3 |
| sbtest4 |
| sbtest5 |
| sbtest6 |
| sbtest7 |
| sbtest8 |
| sbtest9 |
+------------------+
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e ‘select count(*) from sbtest.sbtest1;‘
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 100000 |
+----------+
③ 数据库测试和结果分析
需要注意的是，之前使用的lua脚本为oltp_common.lua，它是一个通用脚本，是被其它lua脚本调用的，它不能直接拿来测试。
所以，我这里用oltp_read_write.lua脚本来做读、写测试。还有很多其它类型的测试，比如只读测试、只写测试、删除测试、大批量插入测试等等。可找到对应的lua脚本进行调用即可。
[root@db01 ~]# sysbench --threads=4 --time=20 --report-interval=5 --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123 /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_read_write.lua --tables=10 --table_size=100000 run
sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 4
Report intermediate results every 5 second(s)
Initializing random number generator from current time
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
#以下是每5秒返回一次的结果，统计的指标包括：
# 线程数、tps(每秒事务数)、qps(每秒查询数)、
# 每秒的读/写/其它次数、延迟、每秒错误数、每秒重连次数
[ 5s ] thds: 4 tps: 318.10 qps: 6371.34 (r/w/o: 4461.96/1272.39/636.99) lat (ms,95%): 20.37 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 10s ] thds: 4 tps: 340.15 qps: 6803.43 (r/w/o: 4760.92/1362.21/680.30) lat (ms,95%): 14.21 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 15s ] thds: 4 tps: 380.98 qps: 7622.45 (r/w/o: 5336.16/1524.33/761.97) lat (ms,95%): 13.22 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 20s ] thds: 4 tps: 387.29 qps: 7741.76 (r/w/o: 5420.03/1547.15/774.58) lat (ms,95%): 12.75 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
SQL statistics:
queries performed:
read: 99918 #执行的读操作数量
write: 28548 #执行的写操作数量
other: 14274 #执行的其他操作数量
total: 142740
transactions: 7137 (356.13 per sec.) #执行事务的平均概率
queries: 142740 (7122.70 per sec.) #平均每秒可以进行多少次查询
ignored errors: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
reconnects: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
General statistics:
total time: 20.0391s #总消耗时间
total number of events: 7137 #总请求数量（读、写、其他）
Latency (ms):
min: 2.58
avg: 11.22
max: 450.05
95th percentile: 15.00 #采样计算的平均延迟
sum: 80067.39
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 1784.2500/7.43
execution time (avg/stddev): 20.0168/0.01
④ cpu/io/内存等测试
sysbench内置的几个测试指标如下：
[root@db01 ~]# sysbench --help
.......... # 省略部分内容
Compiled-in tests:
fileio - File I/O test
cpu - CPU performance test
memory - Memory functions speed test
threads - Threads subsystem performance test
mutex - Mutex performance test
可以直接help输出测试方法，例如，fileio测试：
[root@db01 ~]# sysbench fileio help
sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4)
fileio options:
--file-num=N number of files to create [128]
--file-block-size=N block size to use in all IO operations [16384]
--file-total-size=SIZE total size of files to create [2G]
--file-test-mode=STRING test mode {seqwr, seqrewr, seqrd, rndrd, rndwr, rndrw}
--file-io-mode=STRING file operations mode {sync,async,mmap} [sync]
--file-async-backlog=N number of asynchronous operatons to queue per thread [128]
--file-extra-flags=[LIST,...] list of additional flags to use to open files {sync,dsync,direct} []
--file-fsync-freq=N do fsync() after this number of requests (0 - don‘t use fsync()) [100]
--file-fsync-all[=on|off] do fsync() after each write operation [off]
--file-fsync-end[=on|off] do fsync() at the end of test [on]
--file-fsync-mode=STRING which method to use for synchronization {fsync, fdatasync} [fsync]
--file-merged-requests=N merge at most this number of IO requests if possible (0 - don‘t merge) [0]
--file-rw-ratio=N reads/writes ratio for combined test [1.5]
1）测试IO性能
[root@db01 ~]# sysbench fileio --file-num=5 --file-total-size=2G prepare
[root@db01 ~]# ll
总用量 2097200
-rw------- 1 root root 429506560 4月 15 21:21 test_file.0
-rw------- 1 root root 429506560 4月 15 21:21 test_file.1
-rw------- 1 root root 429506560 4月 15 21:21 test_file.2
-rw------- 1 root root 429506560 4月 15 21:21 test_file.3
-rw------- 1 root root 429506560 4月 15 21:21 test_file.4
[root@db01 ~]# sysbench --events=5000 --threads=16 fileio --file-num=5 --file-total-size=2G --file-test-mode=rndrw --file-fsync-freq=0 --file-block-size=16384 run
sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 16
Initializing random number generator from current time
Extra file open flags: (none)
5 files, 409.6MiB each
2GiB total file size
Block size 16KiB
Number of IO requests: 5000
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing random r/w test
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
File operations:
reads/s: 4590.43
writes/s: 3067.95
fsyncs/s: 122.53
Throughput: #吞吐量
read, MiB/s: 71.73 #表示读带宽
written, MiB/s: 47.94 #表示写带宽
General statistics:
total time: 0.6517s
total number of events: 5000
Latency (ms):
min: 0.00
avg: 1.61
max: 43.35
95th percentile: 5.47
sum: 8035.39
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 312.5000/16.19
execution time (avg/stddev): 0.5022/0.01
2）测试CPU性能
[root@db01 ~]# sysbench cpu --threads=40 --events=10000 --cpu-max-prime=20000 run
sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 40
Initializing random number generator from current time
Prime numbers limit: 20000
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
CPU speed:
events per second: 507.66
General statistics:
total time: 10.0370s
total number of events: 5096
Latency (ms):
min: 1.94
avg: 77.06
max: 775.00
95th percentile: 397.39
sum: 392676.67
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 127.4000/2.05
execution time (avg/stddev): 9.8169/0.12