1.二进制格式安装

mysql二进制包下载路径

优点：解压后配置完成即可使用

//下载包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

//验证md5码一致性
[root@localhost ~]# md5sum mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
bf1a97232dbab450cf73356fc74a02a3  mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

//解压到指定路径
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

//重命名或创建软链接
[root@localhost local]# mv mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

//创建root用户和组mysql
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -s /usr/sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql

//修改目录属主组为mysql
[root@localhost home]# chmod -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

//添加环境变量
编辑profile文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile
...
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
或输出重定向至脚本文件mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# echo ‘export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@localhost ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin/:/root/bin

//建立软链接
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql

//添加帮助文档路径
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/man_db.conf 
#MANDATORY_MANPATH                      /usr/src/pvm3/man
#
...
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man

//添加库文件路径
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig 

//建立数据存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 28 18:41 data

//编辑配置文件my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# vim  /etc/my.cnf
...
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve 
//复制到etc/init.d/的mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
//配置控制启动脚本
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
...
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
//启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start 
Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/opt/data/localhost.localdomain.err‘.
 SUCCESS! 
//针对缺少库文件libncurses.so.5无法启动的情况
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install libncurses*

//初始化数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
...
2020-12-28T10:45:21.829771Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: l?v:DA*C5-w7//临时密码（随机生成）
* 建议echo至空文件

//重置密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31
...

mysql> set password = password(‘123456‘);
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

2.MySQL配置文件

• 存放路径/etc/my.cnf
• 关于.my.cnf:存放于家目录，多应用于脚本，不会输出登录步骤

[root@localhost ~]# vim .my.cnf
[client]
user=root
password=123456

配置文件查找次序：若在多个配置文件中均有设定，则最后找到的最终生效

/etc/my.cnf --> /etc/mysql/my.cnf --> --default-extra-file=/PATH/TO/CONF_FILE --> ~/.my.cnf

• 数据库破解密码

//配置行增加“跳过授权表”
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
...
skip-grant-tables

//重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart 
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

//进入‘mysql’数据库，看‘user’表
mysql> select * from user\G;

//update命令改需要更改的用户
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password(‘re123456!‘) where User=‘root‘ and Host=‘localhost‘
    -> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

//配置文件中删除skip-grant-tables
//重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart 
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

//登录验证
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pre123456!
...
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

3.MYSQL备份

3.1备份方案

主要方案 全量+差异

3.2 常用备份工具

• mysqldump
  • -u:指定用户
  • -h指定主机
  • -p指定密码

//对全数据库进行备份
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pre123456! --all-databases > all.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

linux服务-mysql进阶