Spring Boot 基础
Spring Boot 项目（参考1） 提供了一个类似ASP.NET MVC的默认模板一样的标准样板，直接集成了一系列的组件并使用了默认的配置。使用Spring Boot 不会降低学习成本，甚至增加了学习成本，但显著降低了使用成本并提高了开发效率。如果没有Spring基础不建议直接上手。
1.基础项目
这里只关注基于Maven的项目构建，使用Spring Boot CLI命令行工具和Gradle构建方式请参考官网。
（1）创建项目：
创建类型为quickstart的Maven项目，删除默认生成的.java文件保持默认的Maven目录即可。
（2）修改/pom.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
5 <groupId>com.example</groupId>
6 <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
7 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
8 <properties>
9 <java.version>1.8</java.version>
10 </properties>
11 <parent>
12 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
13 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
14 <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
15 </parent>
16 <dependencies>
17 <dependency>
18 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
19 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
20 </dependency>
21 </dependencies>
22 </project>
（3）添加/src/main/sample/controller/HomeController.java文件：
1 package simple.controller;
2
3 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
4
5 @RestController
6 public class HomeController {
7
8 @RequestMapping("/")
9 public String index() {
10 return "Hello World!";
11 }
12 }
（4）添加/src/main/sample/Application.java文件：
1 package simple;
2
3 import org.springframework.boot.*;
4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
5 import simple.controller.*;
6
7 @EnableAutoConfiguration
8 public class Application {
9
10 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
11 SpringApplication.run(new Object[] { Application.class, HomeController.class }, args);
12 }
13
14 }
在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/，即可直接看到"Hello World"运行结果。
2. 添加数据访问支持
（1）修改pom，添加spring-boot-starter-data-jpa和h2依赖:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
5 <groupId>com.example</groupId>
6 <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
7 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
8 <properties>
9 <java.version>1.8</java.version>
10 </properties>
11 <parent>
12 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
13 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
14 <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
15 </parent>
16 <dependencies>
17 <dependency>
18 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
19 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
20 </dependency>
21 <dependency>
22 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
23 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
24 </dependency>
25 <dependency>
26 <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
27 <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
28 <scope>runtime</scope>
29 </dependency>
30 </dependencies>
31 </project>
如果需要在控制台查看生成SQL语句，可以添加/src/main/resources/application.properties
1 spring.h2.console.enabled=true
2 logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=debug
（2）添加实体
添加User、Role、Category和Post实体。
User:
package simple.domain;
import java.util.*;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String userName;
private String password;
private String Email;
@javax.persistence.Version
private Long Version;
@ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
private List<Role> roles = new ArrayList<Role>();
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return Email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
Email = email;
}
public List<Role> getRoles() {
return roles;
}
public void setRoles(List<Role> roles) {
this.roles = roles;
}
public Long getVersion() {
return Version;
}
public void setVersion(Long version) {
Version = version;
}
}
Role:
package simple.domain;
import java.util.*;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
public class Role {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String roleName;
@ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
private List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getRoleName() {
return roleName;
}
public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
this.roleName = roleName;
}
public List<User> getUsers() {
return users;
}
public void setUsers(List<User> users) {
this.users = users;
}
}
Category:
package simple.domain;
import java.util.*;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
public class Category {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String Name;
@OneToMany
private List<Post> posts = new ArrayList<Post>();
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return Name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
Name = name;
}
public List<Post> getPosts() {
return posts;
}
public void setPosts(List<Post> posts) {
this.posts = posts;
}
}
Post:
package simple.domain;
import java.util.*;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
public class Post {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String Name;
private String Html;
private String Text;
private Date CreateAt;
@ManyToOne
private Category category;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return Name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
Name = name;
}
public String getHtml() {
return Html;
}
public void setHtml(String html) {
Html = html;
}
public String getText() {
return Text;
}
public void setText(String text) {
Text = text;
}
public Date getCreateAt() {
return CreateAt;
}
public void setCreateAt(Date createAt) {
CreateAt = createAt;
}
public Category getCategory() {
return category;
}
public void setCategory(Category category) {
this.category = category;
}
}
（3）添加资源库
添加UserRepository、RoleRepository、CategoryRepository和PostRepository接口，无需实现。
UserRepository:
1 package simple.repository;
2
3 import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
4
5 import simple.domain.*;
6
7 public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {
8
9 }
RoleRepository
1 package simple.repository;
2
3 import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
4
5 import simple.domain.*;
6
7 public interface RoleRepository extends CrudRepository<Role, Long> {
8
9 }
CategoryRepository
1 package simple.repository;
2
3 import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
4
5 import simple.domain.*;
6
7 public interface CategoryRepository extends CrudRepository<Category, Long> {
8
9 }
PostRepository
package simple.repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
import simple.domain.*;
public interface PostRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {
}
（4）在控制器中注入资源库接口
1 package simple.controller;
2
3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.*;
4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
5
6 import simple.repository.*;
7
8 @RestController
9 public class HomeController {
10
11 private UserRepository userRepository;
12 private RoleRepository roleRepository;
13 private CategoryRepository categoryRepository;
14 private PostRepository postReppository;
15
16 @Autowired
17 public HomeController(UserRepository userRepository, RoleRepository roleRepository,
18 CategoryRepository categoryRepository, PostRepository postReppository) {
19 this.userRepository = userRepository;
20 this.roleRepository = roleRepository;
21 this.categoryRepository = categoryRepository;
22 this.postReppository = postReppository;
23 }
24
25
26 @RequestMapping("/")
27 public long index() {
28 return userRepository.count();
29 }
30 }
使用事务时在方法上应用注解@Transactional
3.添加验证和授权支持
（1）添加spring-boot-starter-security依赖
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
5 <groupId>com.example</groupId>
6 <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
7 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
8 <properties>
9 <java.version>1.8</java.version>
10 </properties>
11 <parent>
12 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
13 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
14 <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
15 </parent>
16 <dependencies>
17 <dependency>
18 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
19 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
20 </dependency>
21 <dependency>
22 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
23 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
24 </dependency>
25 <dependency>
26 <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
27 <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
28 <scope>runtime</scope>
29 </dependency>
30 <dependency>
31 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
32 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
33 </dependency>
34 </dependencies>
35 </project>
（2）修改Application.java
1 package simple;
2
3 import org.springframework.boot.*;
4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
5 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
6 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.*;
7 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
8 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
9 import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler;
10
11 import simple.controller.*;
12
13 @EnableAutoConfiguration
14 @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true, prePostEnabled = true)
15 public class Application {
16
17 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
18 SpringApplication.run(new Object[] { Application.class, HomeController.class }, args);
19 }
20
21 @Bean
22 public WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter webSecurityConfigurerAdapter() {
23 return new MyWebSecurityConfigurer();
24 }
25
26 public static class MyWebSecurityConfigurer extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
27 @Override
28 protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
29 http.csrf().disable();
30 http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/account**", "/admin**").authenticated();
31 http.formLogin().usernameParameter("userName").passwordParameter("password").loginPage("/login")
32 .loginProcessingUrl("/login").successHandler(new SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler())
33 .and().logout().logoutUrl("/logout").logoutSuccessUrl("/");
34 http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("rememberMe");
35
36 }
37 }
38 }
访问http://localhost:8080/account会自动跳转到login登录页。Spring Security的具体使用前文已有所述。
参考：
（1）https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot
（2）http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/
（3）https://github.com/qibaoguang/Spring-Boot-Reference-Guide/blob/master/SUMMARY.md