--1、while循环 declare @sum int declare @i int set @i=1 set @sum=0 while(@i<101) begin set @sum =@sum+@i set @i=@i+1 if(@i>90) print @i end print @sum --2、goto语句 declare @num int set @num=100 flag: print @num select @num=@num+1 while(@num<106)goto flag print ‘------------------‘ print @num --3、表变量 declare @mytable table(nam nvarchar(50),num nvarchar(50)) insert into @mytable select ClassName,ClassNum from dbo.tb_Class select * from @mytable --4、局部临时表,全局临时表 --局部临时表 create table #temp_tb( id int, pwd nvarchar(50) ) --全局临时表 create table ##temp_tb( id int, pwd nvarchar(50) ) --5、批量导入数据并创建临时表 select ClassName,ClassNum into #temp from dbo.tb_Class select * from #temp --6、区间查询 between and (not between and) select * from tb_class where classnum between 1200 and 1500 select * from tb_class where classnum not between 1200 and 1500 --7、in变量,is null is not null,去重复distinct --8、随机查询、子查询 select top 1 * from tb_class order by newid() --9、行号 select ‘行号‘=identity(int,1,1),classname,classnum into #temp from tb_class select * from #temp --模糊查询 like not like "% _ []"通配符 select * from tb_class where className like ‘高%[^三]‘ select * from tb_class where des like ‘[a-z]%‘ select * from tb_class where ClassNum like ‘[^1]%‘ select * from tb_class where des like ‘%100/%%‘ escape ‘/‘ select * from tb_class where des+ClassName like ‘%[二在]%‘ --case 语句、类型转换 cast显示转换 select *,班级= case when ClassNum>1500 then ‘大班‘ when ClassNum=1500 then ‘中班‘ when ClassNum<1500 then cast(ClassNum as nvarchar(20)) end from tb_class --类型转换 1,cast 2,Convert select convert(nvarchar(20),getdate(),111)as 时间格式 --去除空格 rtrim ltrim select ltrim(‘ 中国 人 ‘)as title --截取字符串substring select substring(‘*‘,3,2) as title --字符插入sutff select stuff(‘中华*‘,3,0,‘人民‘) as title --计算字符长度 len select len(‘*‘) --字符串大小写lower upper --字符串替换replace select replace(‘中*华*人*民*共*和*国‘,‘*‘,‘-‘) --获取字符所在位置 select substring(‘010-99998888‘,0,charindex(‘-‘,‘010-99998888‘)) --日期函数 select year(getdate()) select month(getdate()) select day(getdate()) select datepart(year,getdate()) select datepart(hh,getdate()) select datename(dw,getdate()) as 今天星期几 select datename(ww,getdate()) as 本周是一年的第几周 select datename(yy,getdate()) as 年份 select datename(dy,getdate()) as 今天是一年中的第几天 select datediff(d,‘2012-11-27‘,‘2012-11-30‘) as 相差天数 select datediff(hh,‘2012-11-27‘,‘2012-11-30‘) as 相差小时 select getdate(),dateadd(d,3,getdate()) as 增加三天 select getdate(),dateadd(hh,3,dateadd(d,3,getdate())) as 增加三天在增加三小时 --排序order by 笔画排序:Chinese_prc_stroke_cs_as_ks_ws,音序排序:chinese_prc_cs_as select * from tb_class order by des collate Chinese_prc_stroke_cs_as_ks_ws select * from tb_class order by des collate Chinese_prc_cs_as --动态排序 declare @myorder int set @myorder=2 select * from tb_class order by case @myorder when 1 then classnum when 2 then id end desc --聚合函数,where(作用单行) 和 having(作用多行)区别 select count(distinct classname) from tb_class --游标 sql语句面向一个集合操作,游标面向逐条记录的操作 declare cur_s cursor for select * from tb_class for read only --只读游标 for update of classname--更新游标 declare @cur_ss cursor--游标变量 open cur_s fetch next from cur_s while @@FETCH_STATUS=0 begin fetch next from cur_s end close cur_s --释放游标 deallocate cur_s --存储过程是一组为了完成特定功能的SQL语句集合,创建Create、修改Alter、删除Drop create procedure GetClassInfo ( @id int, @ClassName nvarchar(50), @Sum int output--存储过程返回值一种情况 ) as begin select @Sum=sum(ClassNum)from tb_Class where id>@id and ClassName=@ClassName declare @AllSum int select @AllSum=sum(ClassNum)from tb_Class return @AllSum--存储过程返回值另一种情况 end go declare @sum int declare @AllSum int EXEC @AllSum=GetClassInfo 1,‘高三‘,@sum output select @sum as 总数,@AllSum as 全部总数 --重命名存储过程 exec sp_rename ‘GetClassInfo‘,‘ReNameGetInfo‘ --监视存储过程 exec sp_monitor --返回参数含义 -- *last_run: 上次运行时间 -- -- *current_run:本次运行的时间 -- -- *seconds: 自动执行存储过程后所经过的时间 -- -- *cpu_busy:计算机CPU处理该存储过程所使用的时间 -- -- *io_busy:在输入和输出操作上花费的时间 -- -- *idle:SQL Server已经空闲的时间 -- -- *packets_received:SQL Server读取的输入数据包数 -- -- *packets_sent:SQL Server写入的输出数据包数 -- -- *packets_error:SQL Server在写入和读取数据包时遇到的错误数 -- -- *total_read: SQL Server读取的次数 -- -- *total_write: SQLServer写入的次数 -- -- *total_errors: SQL Server在写入和读取时遇到的错误数 -- -- *connections:登录或尝试登录SQL Server的次数 --自动执行存储过程 --sp_procoption [@procName=] ‘procedure‘, [@optionName=] ‘option‘, [@optionValue=] ‘value‘ -- [@procName=] ‘procedure‘: 即自动执行的存储过程 -- -- [@optionName=] ‘option‘:其值是startup,即自动执行存储过程 -- -- [@optionValue=] ‘value‘:表示自动执行是开(true)或是关(false) exec sp_procoption @procName=‘masterproc‘, @optionName=‘startup‘, @optionValue=‘true‘ --自定义函数 --标量函数 create function myfunAdd(@a int,@b int) returns int as begin declare @c int set @c=@a+@b return @c end go declare @a1 int, @b1 int, @c1 int set @a1=8 set @b1=7 set @c1=School.dbo.myfunAdd(@a1,@b1) print @c1 --表值函数 create function GetTable() returns table as return (select * from tb_class) select * from School.dbo.GetTable() --触发器,特殊的存储过程,嵌套触发器、递归触发器 create trigger mytrigger on tb_Class for update,delete,insert--三种触发器 as update tb_student set age=age+1 where id =1 update tb_Class set des=‘???‘ where id =1 delete from tb_Class where id=6 --事务 begin try begin transaction insert into tb_class values(‘特色班‘,100,‘描述‘) insert into tb_student([name],sex,age,classid) values(‘小刘‘,1,22,5) commit transaction end try begin catch rollback end catch --保存事务 begin transaction insert into tb_class values(‘特色二班‘,100,‘描述‘) insert into tb_student([name],sex,age,classid) values(‘小二‘,1,22,5) save transaction save1 insert into tb_class values(‘特色三班‘,100,‘描述‘) insert into tb_student([name],sex,age,classid) values(‘小叁‘,1,22,5) rollback transaction save1 commit transaction --事务并发控制 begin tran select * from dbo.tb_Class with(holdlock) waitfor delay ‘00:00:10‘ commit tran update tb_Class set ClassNum=200 where id=12 select * from tb_Class --视图 --创建约束,主键约束、外键约束、唯一约束、check约束、default约束 --创建表设置字段 create table ss ( id int identity(1,1) not null constraint pk_id primary key ) --修改表设置字段 alter table dbo.tb_Class add constraint pk_id primary key(id) -- drop constraint pk_id --删除主键 --add constraint un_ss unique(id)--唯一约束 add constraint ch_sex check (like ‘[0-1]‘) add constraint de_sex default 1 for sex alter table dbo.tb_student add constraint fk_classid foreign key(classid) references tb_Class (id)