说说Android的广播(1) - 普通广播,有序广播和粘性广播

说说Android的广播

对于Activity的启动流程,我们已经有了几个版本的分析了。这里我们分析一个更容易一些的,四大组件中最简单的Broadcast Receiver。

关于Broadcast,有几点需要了解。首先是广播的类型,然后是广播的发送方法,最后是广播是如何被接收的。这三者相辅相承的,比如普通广播和有序广播只有在详细了解了广播的接收过程了之后,才能真正明白它的含义。

广播的类型:普通广播,有序广播和粘性广播

普通的广播是不在意顺序的,最简单的理解是同时可以收到这个广播。如果应用是动态注册这个广播的,且广播发送时这个进程还活着,那么当然可以并发的把广播尽快地传送出去是最好的。
但是,如果是通过AndroidManifest.xml静态注册的情况,也就是说这个广播首先要把一个进程启动起来,这时并发启动很多进程就是个问题了。Android目前的做法是,对这种静态的广播接收者,自动按有序广播的方式来串行处理。但是这对应用是透明的,应用不能假设系统已经把静态的无序广播当成有序广播来处理。

这个时候讲粘性广播有福了,因为从Android 5.0(API 21)开始,因为安全性的问题,官方已经正式废弃了粘性广播。

普通广播的发送

Context类提供两个方法可以用于发送普通广播:

  • sendBroadcast(Intent intent);
  • sendBroadcast(Intent intent, String receiverPermission);

差别是第二个设置权限。

发给特定的用户:

  • sendBroadcastAsUser(Intent intent, UserHandle user);
  • sendBroadcastAsUser(Intent intent, UserHandle user, String receiverPermission);

有序广播的发送

有序广播因为要处理消息的处理结果,所以要复杂一些。

  • sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent, String receiverPermission, BroadcastReceiver resultReceiver, Handler scheduler, int initialCode, String initialData, Bundle initialExtras);

如果只是想让广播可以按优先级来收取,并不在意处理的结果,可以用下面的版本:

  • sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent, String receiverPermission);

同样,在多用户环境下,也可以选择给哪个用户发广播:

  • sendOrderedBroadcastAsUser(Intent intent, UserHandle user, String receiverPermission, BroadcastReceiver resultReceiver, Handler scheduler, int initialCode, String initialData, Bundle initialExtras);

过时的粘性广播

不管是普通的还是有序的广播都对应有粘性的版本:

  • sendStickyBroadcast(Intent intent);
  • sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(Intent intent, UserHandle user);
  • sendStickyOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent, BroadcastReceiver resultReceiver, Handler scheduler, int initialCode, String initialData, Bundle initialExtras);
  • sendStickyOrderedBroadcastAsUser(Intent intent, UserHandle user, BroadcastReceiver resultReceiver, Handler scheduler, int initialCode, String initialData, Bundle initialExtras);

以上的API都是定义于Context类中:https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/Context.html

首先我们先看看发送端是如何发送的。
我们首先先放一个大图,让大家先有一个直观的印象,不管普通广播、有序广播、粘性广播如何组合,最终都汇集到一个大方法中。

说说Android的广播(1) - 普通广播,有序广播和粘性广播

应用发送广播的过程

普通广播的发送

我们先看应用发送普通广播的一个简单的例子:

Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.TestAction");
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TIME, System.currentTimeMillis());
MainActivity.this.sendBroadcast(intent);

非常简单,调用ContentWrapper的sendBroadcast方法就可以了。
然后我们顺藤摸瓜就好了。
Activity中的sendBroadcast,实际上调用的是:

void android.content.ContextWrapper.sendBroadcast(Intent intent);

ContextWrapper.sendBroadcast

我们来看frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContextWrapper.java中对sendBroadcast的定义:

    @Override
    public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) {
        mBase.sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

ContextWrapper只是一个包装,真正的实现在ContextImpl中

ContextImpl.sendBroadcast

我们来看/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java中真正实现sendBroadcast的功能:

    @Override
    public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) {
...
        try {
...
            ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().broadcastIntent(
                    mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), intent, resolvedType, null,
                    Activity.RESULT_OK, null, null, null, AppOpsManager.OP_NONE, null, false, false,
                    getUserId());
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
        }
    }

它会通过IPC去调用AMS的broadcastIntent。由于我们这个普通的广播的方法参数最少,所以好多都是传null。

ActivityManagerService.broadcastIntent

public final int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller,
        Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo,
        int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle resultExtras,
        String[] requiredPermissions, int appOp, Bundle options,
        boolean serialized, boolean sticky, int userId) {
    enforceNotIsolatedCaller("broadcastIntent");
    synchronized(this) {
        intent = verifyBroadcastLocked(intent);

        final ProcessRecord callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
        final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
        final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
        final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        int res = broadcastIntentLocked(callerApp,
                callerApp != null ? callerApp.info.packageName : null,
                intent, resolvedType, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, resultExtras,
                requiredPermissions, appOp, null, serialized, sticky,
                callingPid, callingUid, userId);
        Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
        return res;
    }
}

加锁,定参数,然后调用真正的逻辑的实现。

有序广播的发送

我们先把broadcastIntentLocked的真正逻辑放一下,先看看有序广播是如何发送的。

ContextWrapper.sendOrderedBroadcast

Context是abstract方法,调用的是ContextWrapper的实现:

@Override
public void sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent,
        String receiverPermission) {
    mBase.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, receiverPermission);
}

跟普通广播一样,还是会调用到ContextImpl.sendOrderedBroadcast

public void sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent, String receiverPermission) {
    warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
    String resolvedType = intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver());
    String[] receiverPermissions = receiverPermission == null ? null
            : new String[] {receiverPermission};
    try {
        intent.prepareToLeaveProcess();
        ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().broadcastIntent(
                mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), intent, resolvedType, null,
                Activity.RESULT_OK, null, null, receiverPermissions, AppOpsManager.OP_NONE,
                null, true, false, getUserId());
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
    }
}

有序广播调用broadcastIntent的区别在于serialized参数,普通广播为false,有序广播为true.

原型为:

public final int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller,
        Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo,
        int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle resultExtras,
        String[] requiredPermissions, int appOp, Bundle options,
        boolean serialized, boolean sticky, int userId) {

多参数的版本

前面讲过带有回调的版本,我们看看它是如何实现的:

@Override
public void sendOrderedBroadcast(
    Intent intent, String receiverPermission, BroadcastReceiver resultReceiver,
    Handler scheduler, int initialCode, String initialData,
    Bundle initialExtras) {
    mBase.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, receiverPermission,
            resultReceiver, scheduler, initialCode,
            initialData, initialExtras);
}

当然还是调用ContextImpl.sendOrderedBroadcast

@Override
public void sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent,
        String receiverPermission, BroadcastReceiver resultReceiver,
        Handler scheduler, int initialCode, String initialData,
        Bundle initialExtras) {
    sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, receiverPermission, AppOpsManager.OP_NONE,
            resultReceiver, scheduler, initialCode, initialData, initialExtras, null);
}

这次变成只是一个封装了,它会调用一个更多参数的版本:

void sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent,
        String receiverPermission, int appOp, BroadcastReceiver resultReceiver,
        Handler scheduler, int initialCode, String initialData,
        Bundle initialExtras, Bundle options) {
    warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
    IIntentReceiver rd = null;
    if (resultReceiver != null) {
        if (mPackageInfo != null) {
            if (scheduler == null) {
                scheduler = mMainThread.getHandler();
            }
            rd = mPackageInfo.getReceiverDispatcher(
                resultReceiver, getOuterContext(), scheduler,
                mMainThread.getInstrumentation(), false);
        } else {
            if (scheduler == null) {
                scheduler = mMainThread.getHandler();
            }
            rd = new LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher(
                    resultReceiver, getOuterContext(), scheduler, null, false).getIIntentReceiver();
        }
    }
    String resolvedType = intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver());
    String[] receiverPermissions = receiverPermission == null ? null
            : new String[] {receiverPermission};
    try {
        intent.prepareToLeaveProcess();
        ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().broadcastIntent(
            mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), intent, resolvedType, rd,
            initialCode, initialData, initialExtras, receiverPermissions, appOp,
                options, true, false, getUserId());
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
    }
}

这次是一个全参数调用broadcastIntent的版本了,除了sticky就齐了

粘性广播

我们也不绕圈子了,直接看ContextImpl.sendStickyBroadcast.

@Override
@Deprecated
public void sendStickyBroadcast(Intent intent) {
    warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
    String resolvedType = intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver());
    try {
        intent.prepareToLeaveProcess();
        ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().broadcastIntent(
            mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), intent, resolvedType, null,
            Activity.RESULT_OK, null, null, null, AppOpsManager.OP_NONE, null, false, true,
            getUserId());
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
    }
}
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