Spring MVC开发环境的搭建和实例

2021-07-12 23:44:54

一、安装jdk

二、安装tomcat

三、安装maven
　　新增环境变量MAVEN-HOME，并在path变量中添加bin路径

四、安装IntelliJ IDEA

五、创建maven web项目
选择jdk,勾选create from archetype,选择org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp
maven会在后台生成web项目，需要等待，如果卡住，可参考
文章1： http://www.cnblogs.com/beiyeren/p/4566485.html
文章2：http://blog.csdn.net/cleverlzc/article/details/50864582

六、maven自动导入jar包
pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.zyz</groupId>

  <artifactId>test1</artifactId>

  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>test1 Maven Webapp</name>

  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>

    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

    <version.spring>4.3.0.RELEASE</version.spring>

  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>junit</groupId>

      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

      <version>4.8.2</version>

      <scope>test</scope>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>

      <version>3.1.0</version>

      <scope>provided</scope>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>

      <version>2.3.3</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

      <version>${version.spring}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>

      <version>${version.spring}</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>

      <version>${version.spring}</version>

    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.freemarker/freemarker -->

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>

      <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>

      <version>2.3.23</version>

    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->

    <dependency>

      <groupId>mysql</groupId>

      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

      <version>5.1.38</version>

    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>

    <finalName>test1</finalName>

    <plugins>

      <plugin>

        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>

        <configuration>

          <source>1.8</source>

          <target>1.8</target>

        </configuration>

      </plugin>

    </plugins>

  </build>

</project>

七、配置 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"

         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"

         version="3.1">

  <!--当前的项目名-->

  <display-name>mvc-test</display-name>

  <!--监听applicationContext-jdbc.xml文件加载-->

  <listener>

    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

  </listener>

  <!--指定spring配置的xml文件的位置-->

  <context-param>

      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

      <param-value>WEB-INF/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>

  </context-param>

  <servlet>

    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>

    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

  </servlet-mapping>

<!--处理中文post请求,防止出现乱码-->

  <filter>

    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>

    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>

    <init-param>

      <param-name>encoding</param-name>

      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>

    </init-param>

    <init-param>

      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>

      <param-value>true</param-value>

    </init-param>

  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>

    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>

    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

  </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

八、xxx-servlet.xml(mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--指定注解扫描的包-->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zyz" />

    <!--处理image,js等静态资源-->

    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!--开启注解-->

    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!--jsp视图解析-->

    <!--<bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">-->

        <!--<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>-->

        <!--<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>-->

    <!--</bean>-->

    <!--freemarker配置-->

    <bean id="freeMarkerConfig" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer">

        <property name="templateLoaderPath" value="WEB-INF/ftl/"></property>

        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"></property><!--支持中文必要条件1-->

    </bean>

    <!--freemarker视图解析-->

    <bean id="ftlViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver">

        <property name="suffix" value=".ftl"></property>

        <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8"></property><!--支持中文必要条件2-->

    </bean>

</beans>

九、配置mysql数据库

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

      http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd

">

    <!--配置mysql数据库-->

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">

        <property name="driverClassName">

            <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

        </property>

        <property name="url">

            <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8</value>

        </property>

        <property name="username">

            <value>root</value>

        </property>

        <property name="password">

            <value>root</value>

        </property>

    </bean>

    <!--jdbcTemplate和数据库关联-->

    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">

        <property name = "dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>

    </bean>

</beans>

十、主要代码

dao

package com.zyz.dao;

import com.zyz.model.Teacher;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.PreparedStatementSetter;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.sql.PreparedStatement;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

/**

 * Created by zyz on 2016-8-3.

 */

@Repository

public class TeacherDao {

    @Autowired

    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public List<Teacher> getTeachers(){

        List<Teacher> teachers=new ArrayList<Teacher>();

        String sql="select tno,tname,dno from teacher";

        teachers=jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Teacher>(Teacher.class));

        return teachers;

    }

    public void addTeacher(Teacher teacher){

        String sql="insert into teacher(tno,tname,dno) values(?,?,?)";

        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, new PreparedStatementSetter() {

            @Override

            public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException {

                ps.setString(1,teacher.getTno());

                ps.setString(2,teacher.getTname());

                ps.setString(3,teacher.getDno());

            }

        });

    }

}

service

package com.zyz.service;

import com.zyz.dao.TeacherDao;

import com.zyz.model.Teacher;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**

 * Created by zyz on 2016-8-3.

 */

@Service

public class TeacherService {

    @Autowired

    private TeacherDao teacherDao;

    public List<Teacher> getTeachers(){

        return teacherDao.getTeachers();

    }

    public void addTeacher(Teacher teacher){

        teacherDao.addTeacher(teacher);

    }

}

action

package com.zyz.action;

import com.zyz.service.TeacherService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.ui.Model;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

/**

 * Created by zyz on 2016-8-3.

 */

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/teacher")

public class TeacherController {

    @Autowired

    private TeacherService teacherService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/list",method = RequestMethod.GET)

    public String listTeacher(Model model){

        model.addAttribute("teachers",teacherService.getTeachers());

        return "listTeacher";

    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/add",method = RequestMethod.GET)

    public String addTeacher(){

        return "addTeacher";

    }

}

api

package com.zyz.api;

import com.zyz.model.Teacher;

import com.zyz.service.TeacherService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

/**

 * Created by zyz on 2016-8-4.

 */

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/teacher")

public class TeacherApi {

    @Autowired

    private TeacherService teacherService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/add",method = RequestMethod.POST)

    public ResponseData add(@RequestBody Teacher teacher){

        List<Msg> msgs=new ArrayList<Msg>();

        if(teacher.getTno()==null || teacher.getTno().equals("")){

            msgs.add(new Msg("tnoMsg","工号不能为空."));

        }

        if(teacher.getTname()==null || teacher.getTname().equals("")){

            msgs.add(new Msg("tnameMsg","姓名不能为空."));

        }

        if(teacher.getDno()==null || teacher.getDno().equals("")){

            msgs.add(new Msg("dnoMsg","部门号不能为空."));

        }

        if(msgs.size()==0){

            teacherService.addTeacher(teacher);

            return new ResponseData(true,"添加成功.");

        }else {

            return new ResponseData(false,"添加失败.",msgs);

        }

    }

}

ajax

/**

 * Created by zyz on 2016-8-2.

 */

$(function () {

    // 将所有class为msg的元素内容清空,这些元素通常提示错误信息的,每次提交前都要清除,以显示本次的信息

    function clearMsg() {

        $(".msg").html('');

    }

    //获取表单数据,返回一个json对象,准备提交给服务器,注意此处json对象的属性必须和对应model对象Person的属性名保持一致

    function formData() {

        return {

            tno:$("#tno").val(),

            tname:$("#tname").val(),

            dno:$("#dno").val()

        };

    }

    function add() {

        var url="/teacher/add";//通过该url找到对应api类的某个方法来接收ajax请求并作出响应(返回一个json对象)

        var data=formData();//此处的data是一个json对象

        clearMsg();

        $.ajax({

            type:'POST',//处理异步请求数据的api类@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)

            url: url,

            dataType:'json',

            contentType: 'application/json',

            data:JSON.stringify(data),

            //将一个json对象转换成json对象字符串,因为在api中参数@RequestBody接受的是一个json对象字符串,而不是一个json对象

            success:function (responseData) {//此处success是表示响应成功,即状态码为200,responseData参数表示返回的数据

                if(responseData.success==true){

                    //ResponseData是一个json对象,是由后台类(ResponseData(success,desc,msgs)类)的对象返回到前台形成的一个json对象,

                    // 此处的success仅表示该json对象的一个属性,

                    alert(responseData.desc);

                    window.location.href="/teacher/list";

                }else {//如果验证失败,则 显示错误信息

                    var msgs=responseData.msgs;

                    for(var i=0;i<msgs.length;i++){

                        $('#'+msgs[i].id).html(msgs[i].msg);

                    }

                }

            }

        });

    }

    // 定义一个初始化的方法

    function init() {

        $("#add").on("click",function () {//给添加按纽绑定事件

            add();

        });

    }

    init();//调用初始化事件

})

ftl

listTeacher.ftl

<!doctype html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <meta name="viewport"

          content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">

    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">

    <title>教师列表</title>

</head>

<body>

<a href="/teacher/add">添加教师</a>

<table border="1">

    <tr>

        <th>工号</th>

        <th>姓名</th>

        <th>部门号</th>

    </tr>

    <#list teachers as teacher>

        <tr>

            <td>${teacher.tno}</td>

            <td>${teacher.tname}</td>

            <td>${teacher.dno}</td>

        </tr>

    </#list>

</table>

</body>

</html>

addTeacher.ftl

<!doctype html>

<html lang="zh-cn">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <meta name="viewport"

          content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">

    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">

    <title>添加教师</title>

    <style>

        .msg{

            color:red;

        }

    </style>

</head>

<body>

    工号:<input type="text" id="tno"><span id="tnoMsg" class="msg"></span><br>

    姓名:<input type="text" id="tname"><span id="tnameMsg" class="msg"></span><br>

    部门号:<input type="text" id="dno"><span id="dnoMsg" class="msg"></span><br>

    <input type="button" id="add" value="添加">

    <script src="/js/common/jquery.min.js"></script>

    <script src="/js/teacher/add.js"></script>

</body>

</html>
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