esxi上为基于LVM的centos7的根目录扩容

2021-12-29 22:18:49

概念：据说默认centos都是基于LVM的

LVM:LVM是逻辑盘卷管理(Logical Volume Manager)的简称,它是Linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制.

LVM 更加详细的说明可点这里：http://www.cnblogs.com/mchina/p/linux-centos-logical-volume-manager-lvm.html

fdisk 命令用法http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_66b448620100ibay.html

查看磁盘空间，根目录太小了，希望增加磁盘

在vsphere上修改磁盘的大小，重启进来。

[root@ucx-auto ~]# df -lh
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   30G   23G  7.1G  76% /
devtmpfs                 5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    5.8G  8.9M  5.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M  155M  343M  32% /boot
tmpfs                    1.2G     0  1.2G   0% /run/user/0

一、查看下LV

[root@ucx-auto ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                trGefC-4mxg-BkS6-sywT-ie3O-deA3-WC0EDQ
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2016-07-26 17:38:31 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                2.02 GiB
  Current LE             516
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                MRmrQV-MDKZ-ZJbQ-cvDP-nMEY-hWJk-xFCceo
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2016-07-26 17:38:31 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                66.49 GiB
  Current LE             17022
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1

二：查看机器所挂硬盘个数及分区情况

[root@ucx-auto ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 75.2 GB, 75161927680 bytes, 146800640 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000cfb48

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048    67108863    33041408   8e  Linux LVM


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2164 MB, 2164260864 bytes, 4227072 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 31.7 GB, 31666995200 bytes, 61849600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

如上有一块磁盘/dev/sda 有两个分区。就用了33G，说明还有未分区的

三：/dev/sda进行分区，做这个时候忘记截图了，大概是下面这样，如果让你输入分区号，顺延下去即可。

[root@ucx-auto ~]$fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks. 最后一步出现这样的提示。这个时候[root@ucx-auto ~]# fdisk -l 可以看到多了个分区 /dev/sda3 67108864 146800639 39845888 83 Linux 但是是ls /dev|grep sda3 是还看不到的，因为还没格式化四：格式化分区 [root@fz02 ~]# partprobe 注意看下根目录到磁盘类型，选择合适的type

[root@ucx-auto dev]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
2490368 inodes, 9961472 blocks
498073 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
304 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
done [root@ucx-auto dev]# lvs
LV   VG     Attr       LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- 29.49g
swap centos -wi-ao---- 2.02g    五，创建物理卷 [root@ucx-auto dev]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: ^C Interrupted...

Aborted wiping of ext3.
1 existing signature left on the device.
Aborting pvcreate on /dev/sda3.
[root@ucx-auto dev]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]:
WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext3 signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created 六。 1. 查看下名字 [root@ucx-auto dev]# df -h
Filesystem               Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   30G   23G 7.1G 76% /
devtmpfs                 5.8G     0 5.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    5.8G     0 5.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    5.8G 8.9M 5.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    5.8G     0 5.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M 155M 343M 32% /boot
tmpfs                    1.2G     0 1.2G   0% /run/user/0 2.增加卷组的空间 [root@ucx-auto dev]# vgextend /dev/mapper/centos-root /dev/sda3 【注意这里哦，卷组的名字是-前的】
Invalid volume group name centos/root.
Run `vgextend --help' for more information.
[root@ucx-auto dev]# vgextend /dev/mapper/centos /dev/sda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended 好了，卷组扩好了。 3，查看下卷组 [root@ucx-auto dev]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name               centos
System ID
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                2
Open LV               2
Max PV                0
Cur PV                2
Act PV                2
VG Size               69.50 GiB
PE Size               4.00 MiB
Total PE              17793
Alloc PE / Size       8066 / 31.51 GiB 分配的
Free PE / Size       9727 / 38.00 GiB   空闲的
VG UUID               8iYw2C-aqVR-C0eb-nRF4-v9q7-ZEyh-pxrRQB 可看到有个free pe可以供LV 分配七，六中扩容完毕VG ，就可以用VG中的Free空间来扩容LV ， [root@ucx-auto dev]# sudo lvextend -L +37G /dev/mapper/centos-root /dev/sda3 【注意下名字哦，现在是有LV 了，centos是LG名】
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 29.49 GiB (7550 extents) to 66.49 GiB (17022 extents).
Logical volume root successfully resized. 八 1.检查下文件系统的正确性 [root@ucx-auto dev]# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/centos-root
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
/dev/mapper/centos-root is mounted.
e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting. 2.重新定义大小，不懂为毛一直错 [root@ucx-auto dev]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/mapper/centos-root
Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.

3.换个姿势再来一次

[root@ucx-auto dev]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=1932800 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0        finobt=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=7731200, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=3775, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 7731200 to 17430528

4.看到根目录已经扩大了

[root@ucx-auto dev]# df -lh
Filesystem               Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   67G   23G   45G 34% /
devtmpfs                 5.8G     0 5.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    5.8G     0 5.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    5.8G 8.9M 5.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    5.8G     0 5.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M 155M 343M 32% /boot
tmpfs                    1.2G     0 1.2G   0% /run/user/0

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