Problem

LeetCode

Given a binary search tree, write a function kthSmallest to find the kth smallest element in it.

Example 1:

Input: root = [3,1,4,null,2], k = 1
   3
  / \
 1   4
  \
   2
Output: 1

Example 2:

Input: root = [5,3,6,2,4,null,null,1], k = 3
       5
      / \
     3   6
    / \
   2   4
  /
 1
Output: 3

Follow up:
What if the BST is modified (insert/delete operations) often and you need to find the kth smallest frequently? How would you optimize the kthSmallest routine?

Constraints:

• The number of elements of the BST is between 1 to 10^4.
• You may assume k is always valid, 1 ≤ k ≤ BST's total elements.

问题

力扣

给定一个二叉搜索树，编写一个函数 kthSmallest 来查找其中第 k 个最小的元素。

说明：
你可以假设 k 总是有效的，1 ≤ k ≤ 二叉搜索树元素个数。

示例 1:

输入: root = [3,1,4,null,2], k = 1
   3
  / \
 1   4
  \
   2
输出: 1

示例 2:

输入: root = [5,3,6,2,4,null,null,1], k = 3
       5
      / \
     3   6
    / \
   2   4
  /
 1
输出: 3

进阶：
如果二叉搜索树经常被修改（插入/删除操作）并且你需要频繁地查找第 k 小的值，你将如何优化 kthSmallest 函数？

思路

中序遍历

因为 BST 的中序遍历就是升序的，因此只需要中序遍历一下，然后取第 k 个元素就行。

Python3 代码

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def kthSmallest(self, root: TreeNode, k: int) -> int:
        # 中序遍历
        def inorder(root):
            if not root:
                return []
            return inorder(root.left) + [root.val] + inorder(root.right)
        
        return inorder(root)[k - 1]

GitHub 链接

Python