JDBC

JDBC

数据库驱动

  • 应用程序->JDBC->MySQL驱动->数据库

  • 使用JDBC需要java.sql,javax.sql,数据库驱动包

  • MySQL驱动下载地址

    • 版本:5.1.48

基本流程

package com.yhr.lesson01;

import java.sql.*;

public class JdbcFirst {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //1. 加载驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");//查找并加载指定的类,执行该类的静态代码段
        //2. 用户信息和url
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false";
        String username = "root";
        String password = "123456";
        //3. 连接成功,数据库对象
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
        //4. 执行SQL的对象
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        //5. 执行SQL,查看返回结果
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM users;";
        ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
        while(resultSet.next()){
            System.out.println("id=" + resultSet.getObject("id"));
            System.out.println("name=" + resultSet.getObject("NAME"));
            System.out.println("pwd=" + resultSet.getObject("PASSWORD"));
            System.out.println("email=" + resultSet.getObject("email"));
            System.out.println("birth=" + resultSet.getObject("birthday"));
        }
        //6. 释放连接
        resultSet.close();
        statement.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

工具类

  • 通过建立properties配置文件和工具类,来简化加载驱动、获取连接、释放资源等问题

  • db.properties

driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
username = root
password = 123456
  • JdbcUtils.java
package com.yhr.lesson02.utils;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JdbcUtils {

    private static String driver = null;
    private static String url = null;
    private static String username = null;
    private static String password = null;

    static {
        try {
            //加载properties
            InputStream in = JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            properties.load(in);
			//获取参数
            driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
            url = properties.getProperty("url");
            username = properties.getProperty("username");
            password = properties.getProperty("password");
            //加载驱动
            Class.forName(driver);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //获取连接
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
    }

    //释放资源
    public static void release(Connection connection, Statement statement, ResultSet resultSet){
        try {
            if(resultSet != null){
                resultSet.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if(statement != null){
                statement.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if(resultSet != null){
                resultSet.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

基本对象

  • DriverManager:

    • DriverManager.registerDriver()注册驱动
      • com.mysql.jdbc.Driver的静态代码块自动执行注册
    • DriverManager.getConnection()获得Connection对象
      • connection代表数据库:数据库设置自动提交、事务提交、事务回滚等
  • URL:协议://主机地址:端口号/数据库名?参数1&参数2&参数3

    • MySQL默认端口号3306,Oracle默认端口号1521
  • ResultSet:封装了所有的查询结果

    • 获得指定的数据类型:get***()
    • 遍历:beforeFirst(),afterLast(),next(),previous(),absolute(int row)
  • Statement:执行SQL的对象

    • 查询:executeQuery(),返回ResultSet
    • 更新、插入、删除:executeUpdate(),返回受影响的行数
    • execute()执行任何sql,executeBatch()批量执行
    • 存在的sql注入漏洞
  • PreparedStatement:预编译,可以防止SQL注入,效率更高

    • connection.prepareStatement(sql):使用"?"占位符代替参数
  • 例子:

package com.yhr.lesson03;

import com.yhr.lesson02.utils.JdbcUtils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class TestInsert {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        try {
            connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
            String sql = "INSERT INTO users(id,NAME,PASSWORD,email,birthday) " +
                    "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?);";
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.setInt(1, 4);
            preparedStatement.setString(2, "yhr");
            preparedStatement.setString(3, "123456");
            preparedStatement.setString(4, "yhr@qq.com");
            //通过new java.util.Date().getTime()获得时间戳
            //转换为java.sql.Date
            preparedStatement.setDate(5, new java.sql.Date(new Date().getTime()));
            int num = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
            if(num > 0){
                System.out.println("插入成功!");
            }

        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement,null);
        }
    }
}
  • 使用‘?‘作为占位符,进行预编译,在用set***(index, x)的方式,设置每一个问号对应的值
  • 最后再用execute()执行
  • PreparedStatement防止SQL注入的本质,把传递来的参数当做字符,如果存在转义字符,比如‘,直接转义

事务

package com.yhr.lesson04;

import com.yhr.lesson02.utils.JdbcUtils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class TestTransaction {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
            //关闭自动提交,开启事务
            connection.setAutoCommit(false);
            //A减100元
            String sql1 = "update jdbcstudy.account set money = money - 100 where name = ‘A‘";
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql1);
            statement.executeUpdate();
            //测试回滚
            //int x = 1/0;
            //B加100元
            String sql2 = "update jdbcstudy.account set money = money + 100 where name = ‘B‘";
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);
            statement.executeUpdate();
            //业务完毕,提交事务
            connection.commit();
            System.out.println("成功!");
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
//            try {
//                //如果失败,回滚事务
//                //失败时默认回滚,不写也可
//                connection.rollback();
//            } catch (SQLException e) {
//                e.printStackTrace();
//            }
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JdbcUtils.release(connection, statement, resultSet);
        }

    }
}

数据库连接池

  • 池化技术:准备一些预先的资源,过来就连接预先准备好的
  • 编写连接池:实现DataSource接口
  • 开源数据源实现:DBCP,C3P0,Druid
  • 使用数据库连接池后,我们就不需要编写连接数据库的代码了
  • 只需重写配置文件和工具类,实现自动连接,使用方法完全相同

DBCP

#连接设置
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
username=root
password=123456

#<!-- 初始化连接 -->
initialSize=10

#最大连接数量
maxActive=50

#<!-- 最大空闲连接 -->
maxIdle=20

#<!-- 最小空闲连接 -->
minIdle=5

#<!-- 超时等待时间以毫秒为单位 6000毫秒/1000等于60秒 -->
maxWait=60000
#JDBC驱动建立连接时附带的连接属性属性的格式必须为这样:【属性名=property;】
#注意:"user" 与 "password" 两个属性会被明确地传递,因此这里不需要包含他们。
connectionProperties=useUnicode=true;characterEncoding=UTF8

#指定由连接池所创建的连接的自动提交(auto-commit)状态。
defaultAutoCommit=true

#driver default 指定由连接池所创建的连接的只读(read-only)状态。
#如果没有设置该值,则“setReadOnly”方法将不被调用。(某些驱动并不支持只读模式,如:Informix)
defaultReadOnly=

#driver default 指定由连接池所创建的连接的事务级别(TransactionIsolation)。
#可用值为下列之一:(详情可见javadoc。)NONE,READ_UNCOMMITTED, READ_COMMITTED, REPEATABLE_READ, SERIALIZABLE
defaultTransactionIsolation=READ_UNCOMMITTED
  • JdbcUtils_DBCP.java
package com.yhr.lesson05.utils;

import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JdbcUtils_DBCP {

    private static DataSource dataSource = null;

    static {
        try {
            //加载properties
            InputStream in = JdbcUtils_DBCP.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("dbcpconfig.properties");
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            properties.load(in);
            //创建数据源 工厂模式
            dataSource = BasicDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //获取连接
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return dataSource.getConnection();//从数据源中获取连接
    }

    //释放资源
    public static void release(Connection connection, Statement statement, ResultSet resultSet){
        try {
            if(resultSet != null){
                resultSet.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if(statement != null){
                statement.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if(resultSet != null){
                resultSet.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

C3P0

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<c3p0-config>
    <!--
c3p0的缺省(默认)配置
如果在代码中"ComboPooledDataSource ds=new ComboPooledDataSource();"这样写就表示使用的是c3p0的缺省(默认)-->
    <default-config>
        <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy?userUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8&amp;uesSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai</property>
        <property name="user">root</property>
        <property name="password">123456</property>

        <property name="acquiredIncrement">5</property>
        <property name="initialPoolSize">10</property>
        <property name="minPoolSize">5</property>
        <property name="maxPoolSize">20</property>
    </default-config>
</c3p0-config>
  • JdbcUtils_C3P0.java
package com.yhr.lesson05.utils;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JdbcUtils_C3P0 {

    private static DataSource dataSource = null;

    static {
        try {
            //xml自动匹配
            //创建数据源 工厂模式
            dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //获取连接
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return dataSource.getConnection();//从数据源中获取连接
    }

    //释放资源
    public static void release(Connection connection, Statement statement, ResultSet resultSet){
        try {
            if(resultSet != null){
                resultSet.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if(statement != null){
                statement.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if(resultSet != null){
                resultSet.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

JDBC

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