在虚拟机配置中增加磁盘后，启动Linux，使用root登录。
首先查看未分区的磁盘,使用下面命令：
## 查看未使用的磁盘
fdisk -l
磁盘/dev/sdb后面没有任何分区，是新挂载的磁盘
输入下面命令来开始对磁盘/dev/sdb进行分区
## 开始格式化磁盘 ##
fdisk /dev/sdb
有如下提示：
[root@localhost dev]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help):
输入m来查看帮助，各选项功能如下：
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
首选使用n来创建一个扩展分区，输入选项n：
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary ( primary, extended, free)
e extended
Select (default p):
选择创建扩展分区，输入选项e，然后选择扩展分区编号、起始位置和大小，我们选择整个磁盘只创建一个扩展分区:
Select (default p): e
Partition number (-, default ):
First sector (-, default ):
Using default value
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ):
Using default value
Partition of type Extended and of size GiB is set
扩展分区创建好后，可以在此基础上进行创建逻辑分区，我们创建2个逻辑分区并分别设置为10G:
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary ( primary, extended, free)
l logical (numbered from )
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition
First sector (-, default ):
Using default value
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ): +10G
Partition of type Linux and of size GiB is set Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary ( primary, extended, free)
l logical (numbered from )
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition
First sector (-, default ):
Using default value
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ):
Using default value
Partition of type Linux and of size GiB is set
最后使用选项p来查看分好的分区：
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, bytes, sectors
Units = sectors of * = bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): bytes / bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): bytes / bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x40e44e64 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 Extended
/dev/sdb5 Linux
/dev/sdb6 Linux
为磁盘分配好分区后，需要使用选项w来进行保存：
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
在执行partprobe命令来重新读取分区信息，如果有警告可以忽略。
## 重新读取分区信息 ##
partprobe
然后需要对磁盘进行格式化，使用mkfs将磁盘格式化为ext4格式(注意扩展分区不能进行格式化)
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.42. (-Dec-)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size= (log=)
Fragment size= (log=)
Stride= blocks, Stripe width= blocks
inodes, blocks
blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=
Maximum filesystem blocks=
block groups
blocks per group, fragments per group
inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
, , , , , , , Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal ( blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
然后我们创建两个目录来挂载这两个逻辑分区：
## 然后创建目录 ##
mkdir /disk5 /disk6 ## 使用mount命令来挂载目录 ##
mount /dev/sdb5 /disk5
mount /dev/sdb6 /disk6
最后使用mount命令来查看挂载情况
[root@localhost dev]# ## 使用mount命令来查看挂载情况 ##
[root@localhost dev]# mount | grep "sdb"
/dev/sdb5 on /disk5 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)
/dev/sdb6 on /disk6 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)