linux下简单的备份的脚本 2 【转】

2021-10-14 15:18:38

转自：http://blog.chinaunix.net/xmlrpc.php?r=blog/article&uid=26807463&id=4577034

之前写过 linux下简单的备份的脚本，最开始一直用着，后来觉得有必要改进下它了，不管是从操作方式上还是工作方式上。有这样的想法是因为一次备份引起的。我经历过磁盘损坏的痛苦，花了1500元才勉强将数据拯救回来，于是导致我对备份要求更加高了，我期望尽量每周备份，期望备份的目的地是当前系统的完整镜像，也就是说我能够从备份盘启动，且启动后
系统的操作方法以及文件和当前的一模一样，每周我只需要增量备份当前的修改的备份盘，这样就安全了很多。于是就有了下面的备份脚本（我不喜欢造*，但是在linux下没有现成的适合我的）

NOTE：当前还没有加入自动镜像系统，所以如果想镜像系统，那么可以手动这样操作，准备一块大于当前系统盘的移动盘，
分区，注意分区的结构尽量和系统的一模一样，然后格式化，文件系统也尽量相同，然后就可以备份了备份的时候主要有些
目录需要跳过，比如sys dev proc等等，需要跳过的目录可以在backup程序了面设置！
这是脚本程序：

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#!/bin/bash
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# Author: rongp
# email: rongpmcu#gmail.com
# Date: 2014/10/26
# 备份程序
# 特点：
# 主要支持unix类系统下，支持符号链接
# 支持增量备份
# 支持网络备份（由于基于rsync，很容易加入该功能，但暂时没加入）
# 文件名支持空格但是不能出现含有@#@的文件名
# 支持备份每次的更新，方便用于人工操作失误后的修复
# 支持添加规则用于剔除某些文件格式参考rsync的PATTERN部分
SHELL=/bin/bash
backup_cfg_path=/etc
backup_cfg=$backup_cfg_path/backup.cfg
db_path=
db_pathname=
inc_path=
XECHO=1
_help()
{
echo -e "$0 [option]\n"\
"\tOption:\n"\
"\t-h show this help.\n"\
"\t-i perform the installation, and you should use this option\n"\
"\t before using the backup to do something else.\n"\
"\t-u perform the un-installation.\n"
}
help()
{
echo -e "Command action\n"\
"\th show this help.\n"\
"\ta add any file that you want to backup to the database.\n"\
"\td delete any file that you no longer want from the database.\n"\
"\tb start backup.\n"\
"\tbf assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run non-interactively.\n"\
"\tn perform a trial backup with no changes made.\n"\
"\tp print the file record.\n"\
"\tc do some configurations, such as, modifying the path to the\n"\
"\t database or to the incremental backup directory.\n"\
"\ts show the current configuration.\n"\
"\ti perform the installation, and you should use this option\n"\
"\t before using the backup to do something else.\n"\
"\tu perform the un-installation.\n"\
"\tq quit"
}
color_echo()
{
case "$1" in
g)
shift
echo -e "\033[32m"$@"\033[0m"
;;
gn)
shift
echo -e -n "\033[32m"$@"\033[0m"
;;
r)
shift
echo -e "\033[31m"$@"\033[0m"
;;
y)
shift
echo -e "\033[33m"$@"\033[0m"
;;
yn)
shift
echo -e -n "\033[33m"$@"\033[0m"
;;
*)
shift
echo $@
;;
esac
}
XECHO()
{
if [ "$XECHO" = 1 ]; then
echo $@
fi
}
check_src_dst()
{
if ! test -e "$1" || ! test -e "$2"; then
color_echo r "$1" or "$2" does not ignore
return 2
fi
local src_part1=`df "$1" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
local src_part2=`df "$2" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
local nsrc_inode=`ls -lid "$1" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
local ndst_inode=`ls -lid "$2" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
XECHO nsrc_inode:$nsrc_inode ndst_inode:$ndst_inode
if [ "$src_part1" != "$src_part2" ]; then
return 1
fi
if [ "$nsrc_inode" = "$ndst_inode" ]; then
color_echo r "$src is equivalent to $dst. ignore it!"
return 2
fi
if [ ! -e $db_pathname ]; then
return 1
fi
while read -r tsrc tdst tex_src;
do
tsrc="${tsrc//@#@/ }"
tdst="${tdst//@#@/ }"
tex_src="${tex_src//@#@/ }"
XECHO tsrc:"$tsrc" tdst:"$tdst"
osrc_inode=`ls -lid "$tsrc" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
odst_inode=`ls -lid "$tdst" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
XECHO osrc_inode:$osrc_inode odst_inode:$odst_inode
if [ "$nsrc_inode" = "$osrc_inode" -a "$ndst_inode" = "$odst_inode" ]; then
if [ ${1:((${#1}-1))} = '/' -a ${tsrc:((${#tsrc}-1))} != '/' ] \
|| [ ${1:((${#1}-1))} != '/' -a ${tsrc:((${#tsrc}-1))} = '/' ]; then #/home and /home/ is very
echo -n "";
else
return 0
fi
fi
done < $db_pathname
return 1
}
extract_src_dst()
{
XECHO "extract src dst from $1"
src="${1%#*}"
dst="${1#$src}"
dst="${dst#\#}"
XECHO "src: $src"
XECHO "dst: $dst"
if [ "$src" = "" -o "$dst" = "" ]; then
return 1
else
return 0
fi
}
fix_path()
{
local srcpath="$1"
if [ "${srcpath:0:1}" = '/' ]; then
echo $srcpath
elif [ "${srcpath:0:2}" = './' ]; then
echo `pwd`/${srcpath:2}
else
echo `pwd`/$srcpath
fi
}
insert_new_item()
{
XECHO add item src:"$1" dst:"$2" exclude:"$3"
tmp1="${1// /@#@}"
tmp2="${2// /@#@}"
tmp3="${3// /@#@}"
echo "$tmp1" "$tmp2" "$tmp3" >> $db_pathname
return $?
}
parse_item()
{
if ! extract_src_dst "$1"; then
color_echo r "src:$src or dst:$dst is illegal!"
return 1
fi
src=`fix_path "$src"`
dst=`fix_path "$dst"`
XECHO after fixed, src:"$src"
XECHO after fixed, src:"$dst"
return 0
}
do_add()
{
local item
color_echo g "Enter the mode of adding files! Some patterns are available, as follows:"
color_echo g "eg: /home/#/tmp/ means we want to backup the whole things which "
color_echo g "are under home directory to /tmp directory."
color_echo g "eg: /home/#/tmp/:/etc/#/tmp/ means we want to backup the whole "
color_echo g "things which are under the home directory and the /etc/ directory "
color_echo g "to the /tmp directory, you can append any item with ':'."
color_echo r "Note: /home and /home/ are quite different, because /home just means "
color_echo r "/home itself while /home/ means the whole contents of /home."
read -p "Please type in file items: " items
items="`echo "$items" | sed "s/'//g"`"
flag=0
while [ $flag = 0 ];
do
item=${items%%:*}
items=${items#$item:}
ex_src=""
if [ "$items" = "$item" ]; then
flag=1
fi
if parse_item "$item"; then
check_src_dst "$src" "$dst"
ret=$?
if [ "$ret" = 0 ]; then
color_echo y "Warning! ""$src#$dst"" is already existed! do not re-submit!"
continue
elif [ "$ret" = 2 ]; then
continue
fi
read -p "Would you like to add some excluding conditions to $src: (y/n)[n] " yn
if [ "$yn" = y ]; then
color_echo r "Note: this is an expert mode, and we don't check your pattern"
color_echo r "is valid or not. Some patterns are available, as follows:"
color_echo r "eg: if your src directory is /home, and your want to exclude"
color_echo r "the directory /home/rongp, then you should type in \"rongp\"."
color_echo r "eg: if your src directory is /home, and your want to exclude"
color_echo r "the directory /home/rongp and /home/test, then you should"
color_echo r "type in \"rongp:test\", and you can append any item with ':' ."
read -p "Please type in paths to the excluding files: " exitem
ex_src="$exitem"
fi
if insert_new_item "$src" "$dst" "$ex_src"; then
echo ""$src"#"$dst" add successed!"
else
echo ""$src"#"$dst" add failed!"
fi
else
read -p "skip it? Yy/Nn:[n] " yn
if [ "$yn" = "y" -o "$yn" = "Y" ]; then
continue
fi
return 1
fi
done
return 0
}
get_choices()
{
local total_line=`wc -l $db_pathname | cut -d ' ' -f 1`
select_tab=
color_echo g "Enter the mode of "$1"! some patterns are available, as follows:"
color_echo g "eg: 1-3 means select no 1 2 3 item"
color_echo g "eg: 1:3:5 means select no 1 3 5 item"
color_echo g "you can append any no with ':' or '-', but don't mix use it."
color_echo g "no 0 means select all."
do_print
read -p "Please type in the number: " NO
if [ "${NO/-/ }" != "$NO" ]; then
num_tab=(${NO//-/ })
[ ${#num_tab[@]} -gt 2 ] && \
echo "Select failed, argument $NO is illegal!" && return 1
num0=${num_tab[0]}
num1=${num_tab[1]}
XECHO num0:$num0 num1:$num1
if [ -z "${num0//[0-9]/}" -a "$num0" -le "$total_line" -a "$num0" -gt "0" ]\
&& [ -z "${num1//[0-9]/}" -a "$num1" -le "$total_line" -a "$num1" -gt "0" ]\
&& [ "$num0" -lt "$num1" ];
then
select_tab=(`seq $num0 $num1`)
else
echo "Select failed, argument $NO is illegal!" && return 1
fi
elif [ "${NO/:/ }" != "$NO" ]; then
for num in ${NO//:/ }
do
if [ -z "${num//[0-9]/}" ]&&[ "$num" -le "$total_line" ]\
&&[ "$num" -gt "0" ]; then
continue
else
echo "Select failed, argument $num is illegal!" && return 1
fi
done
j=0
for i in ${NO//:/ }
do
select_tab[j]=$i
((j++))
done
else
if [ "$NO" = 0 ]; then
select_tab=(`seq 1 $total_line`)
elif [ -z "${NO//[0-9]/}" ]&&[ "$NO" -le "$total_line" ]\
&&[ "$NO" -gt "0" ]; then
select_tab[0]=${NO}
else
echo "Select failed, argument $NO is illegal!" && return 1
fi
fi
return 0
}
do_del()
{
if ! get_choices "deleting files"; then
return 1
fi
local total_num=${#select_tab[@]}
if [ "$total_num" = 1 ]; then
nums=${select_tab[0]}d
elif [ "$total_num" = 2 ]; then
nums=${select_tab[0]},${select_tab[1]}d
else
for ((i=0; i<$total_num; ++i))
do
nums+="${select_tab[i]}d;"
done
fi
sed -i "$nums" $db_pathname >/dev/null 2>&1
[ "$?" = 0 ] && echo "$NO delete successed!" || echo "$NO delete failed, delete failed!"
}
do_print()
{
[ ! -s $db_pathname ] && color_echo y "Warning, no record found!" && return 1
echo " no source destination action"
cat -n $db_pathname | sed 's/@#@/ /g'
}
check_in_select_tab()
{
local i
for ((i=0; i<${#select_tab[@]}; ++i))
do
XECHO $1:select_tab[$i]:${select_tab[i]}
if [ "${select_tab[i]}" = "$1" ]; then
return 0
fi
done
return 1
}
do_backup()
{
local ex_file=`mktemp`
local fake="${1/fake/-n}"
local yes="${1/yes/y}"
[ ! -f "$db_pathname" ] && color_echo r "$db_pathname does not exist!" && return 1
if ! get_choices "backup"; then
return 1
fi
local i=0
local k=0
while read -r src dst ex_src;
do
if check_in_select_tab $((i+1)); then
XECHO "$i in select table"
src="${src//@#@/ }"
dst="${dst//@#@/ }"
XECHO src:$src dst:$dst ex_src:$ex_src ex_file:$ex_file
src_tab[k]="$src"
dst_tab[k]="$dst"
ex_src_tab[k]="$ex_src"
((k++))
fi
((i++))
done < $db_pathname
for ((j=0; j<$k; ++j))
do
echo src:${src_tab[j]} dst:${dst_tab[j]} ex_src:${ex_src_tab[j]}
src="${src_tab[j]}"
dst="${dst_tab[j]}"
ex_src="${ex_src_tab[j]}"
echo "$ex_src" | awk -F ':' '{for (i=1;i<=NF;++i)print $i}' | sed 's/@#@/ /g' > $ex_file
if [ "$src" = "/" ]; then
tmpsrc=$(blkid `mount | grep "/ " | cut -d ' ' -f 1` | awk -F "\"" '{print $2}')
else
tmpsrc="$src"
fi
if [ "$dst" = "/" ]; then
tmpdst=$(blkid `mount | grep "/ " | cut -d ' ' -f 1` | awk -F "\"" '{print $2}')
else
tmpdst="$dst"
fi
color_echo g "We will start backup from "
color_echo r "$src"
color_echo g to
color_echo r "$dst"
color_echo g "with excluding file or directory"
color_echo r "${ex_src//@#@/ }"
color_echo gn "continue or not? y/n: "
if [ "$yes" = y ]; then
yn=y
else
read yn
fi
if [ "$yn" = y ]; then
echo Start backup "$src" to "$dst" with excluding file or directory "$ex_src"
(
flock -x 200
rsync -avzrtopg $fake --progress --delete --exclude-from=$ex_file \
"$src" "$dst" --backup --backup-dir=$inc_path/$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S_$(basename ${tmpsrc})_$(basename $tmpdst))
) 200>/var/lock/abc
echo Backup $src to $dst with excluding file or directory $ex_src
else
echo Skip backup $src to $dst with excluding file or directory $
fi
done
}
get_answer()
{
local ret
if [ "$4" != "" ]; then
tmpbackup="$4"
else
tmpbackup=backup.cfg.bak
fi
while :
do
read -p "Type in $1 path of the backup(default is $2, q for exit): " ans_tmp
if [ "$ans_tmp" = q ]; then
ret=1
break
elif [ "$ans_tmp" != "" ]; then
if [ ! -d "$ans_tmp" ]; then
echo "$1: $ans_tmp is invalid!"
read -p "Would you like to create it now? y/n [y]: " yn
if [ "$yn" = y ]; then
mkdir -p $ans_tmp
else
continue
fi
fi
sed -i "s,$3.*,$3$ans_tmp,g" $tmpbackup
ret=$?
break
else
ans_tmp="$2"
ret=0
break
fi
done
return $ret
}
already_install()
{
if load_cfg $backup_cfg s; then
XECHO "already install"
return 0 #has install
fi
return 1
}
do_install()
{
color_echo g start install
if already_install; then
color_echo y "We check that you have already installed, you should"
color_echo yn "uninstall first, would you want to uninstall it first?y/n[n] "
read yn
if [ "$yn" != y ]; then
color_echo g install
color_echo r install
return 1
else
do_uninstall
fi
fi
cp -f backup.cfg backup.cfg.bak
load_cfg backup.cfg.bak s
if [ "$?" = 1 ]; then
exit
fi
if ! get_answer "executable file backup" "$bin_path" "INSTALL_PATH=";then
color_echo g install
color_echo r install
return 1
fi
install_path=$ans_tmp
color_echo g install path is $install_path
if ! get_answer "database" "$db_path" "DB_PATH=";then
color_echo g install
color_echo r install
return 1
fi
db_path=$ans_tmp
color_echo g database path is $db_path
if ! get_answer "incremental backup" "$inc_path" "INCREMENTAL_BACKUP_PATH=";then
color_echo g install
color_echo r install
return 1
fi
inc_path=$ans_tmp
color_echo g incremental backup path is $inc_path
echo
who=`whoami`
cp backup $install_path
color_echo g install backup to $install_path
ret=$?
mv backup.cfg.bak $backup_cfg
color_echo g install $backup_cfg
ret=$((ret+$?))
mkdir -p $db_path
color_echo g install $db_path
ret=$((ret+$?))
mkdir -p $inc_path
color_echo g install $inc_path
ret=$((ret+$?))
ln -s $db_path $inc_path/db
color_echo g install $inc_path/db
ret=$((ret+$?))
color_echo g install
if [ $ret -gt 0 ]; then
color_echo r install
[ -e $bin_path/backup ] && rm_print $bin_path/backup
[ -e $backup_cfg ] && rm_print $backup_cfg
[ -e $inc_path/db ] && rm_print $inc_path/db && rm_print -rf $inc_path
[ -e $db_pathname ] && rm_print $db_pathname
rm_print -d $db_path
return 1
fi
echo
echo
color_echo y "The installation work is done, and you can remove this package now!"
color_echo y "Note: you should put the executable file \"backup\""
color_echo y "into \$PATH and you need to get \"root\" privileges to execute it."
color_echo y "for example, you can execute it like this in ubuntu: sudo backup"
return 0
}
rm_print()
{
color_echo g remove $@
eval rm $@
}
do_uninstall()
{
XECHO "Perform the un-installation."
color_echo g perform the un-installation...
if ! load_cfg $backup_cfg; then
color_echo g uninstall
fi
[ -e $bin_path/backup ] && rm_print $bin_path/backup
[ -e $backup_cfg ] && rm_print $backup_cfg
[ -e $inc_path/db ] && rm_print $inc_path/db && rm_print -rf $inc_path
[ -e $db_pathname ] && rm_print $db_pathname
rm_print -d $db_path
color_echo g uninstall
color_echo g uninstall
}
load_cfg()
{
if [ ! -e "$1" ]; then
[ "$2" != "s" ] && color_echo r "Error, we can't find the configure file $1, exit now!"
return 1
fi
bin_path=`sed -n 's/INSTALL_PATH=$.*$/\1/p' $1`
db_path=`sed -n 's/DB_PATH=$.*$/\1/p' $1`
db_pathname=$db_path/backup.db
inc_path=`sed -n 's/INCREMENTAL_BACKUP_PATH=$.*$/\1/p' $1`
if [ ! -d "$inc_path" ]; then
[ "$2" != "s" ] && color_echo r Load configuration file your should
[ "$2" != "s" ] && color_echo r check the directory $db_pathname is valid or
return 2
fi
XECHO database path is $db_path
XECHO database file path is $db_pathname
XECHO incremental backup path is $inc_path
return 0
}
show_configure()
{
color_echo g executable backup is in $bin_path
color_echo g database directory is in $db_path
color_echo g incremental backup directory is in $inc_path
}
do_modify_inc_backup_path()
{
if ! get_answer "incremental backup" "$inc_path" \
"INCREMENTAL_BACKUP_PATH=" $backup_cfg;then
return 1
fi
inc_path=$ans_tmp
XECHO incremental backup is $inc_path
return 0
}
do_configure()
{
color_echo g [1] modify incremental backup path
color_echo g [2] ...
read -p "Please type in the no which you are expecting to: " no
if [ "$no" = 1 ]; then
do_modify_inc_backup_path
else
color_echo r Unsupported
fi
}
backup_start()
{
if ! load_cfg $backup_cfg; then
exit
fi
while :
do
read -p "Command (h for help): " cmd
case "$cmd" in
a)
do_add
;;
d)
do_del
;;
p)
do_print
;;
c)
do_configure
;;
b)
do_backup
;;
bf)
do_backup yes
;;
n)
do_backup fake
;;
s)
show_configure
;;
i)
do_install
;;
u)
do_uninstall
exit
;;
q)
break
;;
h | *)
help
;;
esac
done
}
username=`echo $USER`
if [ "$username" != root ]; then
color_echo r "Error, you need to have \"root\" privileges to execute this program."
exit
fi
if [ "$1" = "-i" ]; then
if ! do_install; then
color_echo y "Sorry, We can't continue any more. Exit now!"
fi
exit
elif [ "$1" = "-u" ]; then
do_uninstall
exit
elif [ "$1" = "-h" ]; then
_help
exit
fi
if [ ! -e $backup_cfg ]; then
color_echo r "$backup_cfg does not exist! "
read -p "You need to install the backup first. perform the installation? y/n?[y]: " yn
if [ "$yn" != n ]; then
do_install
else
echo Sorry, we can\'t continue any more. Exit
fi
exit
fi
backup_start