.NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul 基础架构实现
先决条件
- 关于 Ocelot
- 针对使用 .NET 开发微服务架构或者面向服务架构提供一个统一访问系统的组件。 参考
- 本文将使用 Ocelot 构建统一入口的 Gateway。
- 关于 IdentityServer4
- IdentityServer4 是一个 OpenID Connect 和 OAuth 2.0 框架用于 ASP.NET Core 。IdentityServer4 在你的应用程序中集成了基于令牌认证、单点登录、API访问控制所需的所有协议和扩展点。参考
- 本文将使用 IdentityServer4 搭建独立认证服务器。
- 关于 Consul
- Consul 是一个服务网格解决方案,通过服务发现、配置、功能分割提供一个全功能的控制层。这些功能可以单独使用,也可以同时使用以形成一个完整的网格服务。参考
- 本文将使用 Consul 注册多个服务。
- 关于 .Net Core
- 将使用 WebApi 构建多个服务
构建 IdentityServer 服务
- 添加 ASP.Net Core Web 项目
- 添加空项目
- 在程序包管理控制台中输入:Install-Package IdentityServer4.AspNetIdentity
-
添加 Config.cs 文件,并添加内容如下:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using IdentityServer4.Models;
using IdentityServer4.Test; namespace IdentityServer
{
public sealed class Config
{
public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
{
return new List<ApiResource>
{
new ApiResource("ServiceA", "ServiceA API"),
new ApiResource("ServiceB", "ServiceB API")
};
} public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
{
return new List<Client>
{
new Client
{
ClientId = "ServiceAClient",
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,
ClientSecrets =
{
new Secret("ServiceAClient".Sha256())
},
AllowedScopes = new List<string> {"ServiceA"},
AccessTokenLifetime = 60 * 60 * 1
},
new Client
{
ClientId = "ServiceBClient",
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,
ClientSecrets =
{
new Secret("ServiceBClient".Sha256())
},
AllowedScopes = new List<string> {"ServiceB"},
AccessTokenLifetime = 60 * 60 * 1
}
};
} public static List<TestUser> GetUsers()
{
return new List<TestUser>
{
new TestUser
{
Username = "test",
Password = "123456",
SubjectId = "1"
}
};
} public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> GetIdentityResources()
{
return new List<IdentityResource>();
}
}
}注意:这里添加了两个 Client ,分别为 ServiceA、ServiceB ,因此接下来将构建这两个服务。
-
删掉StartUp.cs文件,在Program.cs中添加内容如下:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace IdentityServer
{
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
} public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args)
{
return WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args).ConfigureServices(services =>
{
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); services.AddIdentityServer()
.AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
.AddInMemoryIdentityResources(Config.GetIdentityResources())
.AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.GetApiResources())
.AddInMemoryClients(Config.GetClients())
.AddTestUsers(Config.GetUsers());
}).Configure(app =>
{
app.UseIdentityServer();
});
}
}
}注意:AddDeveloperSigningCredential() 方法用于添加开发时使用的 Key material ,生产环境中不要使用该方法。在 .NET Core 2.2 中新建的 Web 项目文件 csproj 中包含了如下内容:
csharp <PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework> <AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel> </PropertyGroup>
这里更改csharp <AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
为或直接删除该行,这么做的原因是当值为 InProcess 时,读写 tempkey.rsa 将产生权限问题。关于 AspNetCoreHostingModel 可参考 ASP.NET Core Module 。csharp <AspNetCoreHostingModel>OutOfProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
-
F5 启动该服务,显示如下:
在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:38033/.well-known/openid-configuration ,得到以下内容
至此,一个包含两个服务认证的认证服务搭建完毕。
构建 ServiceA、ServiceB
添加 ASP.Net Core Web 项目,这里以 ServiceA 为例进行构建
添加 ASP.Net Core API
-
在 StartUp.cs 中添加内容如下:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace ServiceA
{
public class Startup
{
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
{
Configuration = configuration;
} public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); services.AddAuthentication("Bearer")
.AddJwtBearer("Bearer", options =>
{
options.Authority = "http://127.0.0.1:8021";
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
options.Audience = "ServiceA";
});
} // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseMvc();
}
}
} -
添加 SessionController 用于用户登录,内容如下:
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using IdentityModel.Client;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers
{
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class SessionController : ControllerBase
{
public async Task<string> Login(UserRequestModel userRequestModel)
{
// discover endpoints from metadata
var client = new HttpClient();
DiscoveryResponse disco = await client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("http://127.0.0.1:8021");
if (disco.IsError)
{
return "认证服务器未启动";
}
TokenResponse tokenResponse = await client.RequestPasswordTokenAsync(new PasswordTokenRequest
{
Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
ClientId = "ServiceAClient",
ClientSecret = "ServiceAClient",
UserName = userRequestModel.Name,
Password = userRequestModel.Password
}); return tokenResponse.IsError ? tokenResponse.Error : tokenResponse.AccessToken;
}
} public class UserRequestModel
{
[Required(ErrorMessage = "用户名称不可以为空")]
public string Name { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "用户密码不可以为空")]
public string Password { get; set; }
}
} -
添加 HealthController 用于 Consul 进行服务健康检查,内容如下:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers
{
[Route("api/[controller]"), ApiController]
public class HealthController : ControllerBase
{
/// <summary>
/// 健康检查
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpGet]
public IActionResult Get()
{
return Ok();
}
}
} -
更改 ValuesController.cs 内容如下:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers
{
[Authorize] //添加 Authorize Attribute 以使该控制器启用认证
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class ValuesController : ControllerBase
{
// GET api/values
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult<IEnumerable<string>> Get()
{
return new[] { "value1", "value2" };
}
}
}
注意,以上基本完成了 ServiceA 的服务构建,但在实际应用中应做一些修改,例如:IdentityServer 地址应在 appsettings.json 中进行配置,不应把地址分散于项目中各处;认证服务启用最好在全局启用,以防止漏写等等。ServiceB 的内容与 ServiceA 大致相似,因此文章中将不再展示 ServiceB 的构建过程。
Gateway 构建
添加ASP.Net Web
添加空项目
- 打开程序包管理器控制台输入命令:
csharp install-package Ocelot //添加 Ocelot
csharp install-package Ocelot.Provider.Consul // 添加 Consul 服务发现
-
添加 ocelot.json 文件,内容如下
{
"ReRoutes": [
{
"DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/{everything}",
"DownstreamScheme": "http",
"UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ServiceA/{everything}",
"UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT" ],
"ServiceName": "ServiceA", //consul 服务中 ServiceA 的名称
"LoadBalancerOptions": {
"Type": "LeastConnection"
}
},
{
"DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/{everything}",
"DownstreamScheme": "http",
"UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ServiceB/{everything}",
"UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT" ],
"ServiceName": "ServiceB", //consul 服务中 ServiceB 的名称
"LoadBalancerOptions": {
"Type": "LeastConnection"
}
}
],
"GlobalConfiguration": {
"ServiceDiscoveryProvider": { // Consul 服务发现配置
"Host": "localhost", // Consul 地址
"Port": 8500,
"Type": "Consul"
}
}
} -
删除 StartUp.cs 文件,在 Program.cs 文件中添加如下内容
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Ocelot.DependencyInjection;
using Ocelot.Middleware;
using Ocelot.Provider.Consul; namespace ApiGateway
{
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
new WebHostBuilder()
.UseKestrel()
.UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) =>
{
config
.SetBasePath(hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath)
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", true, true)
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName}.json", true, true)
.AddJsonFile("ocelot.json")
.AddEnvironmentVariables();
})
.ConfigureServices(services =>
{
services.AddOcelot().AddConsul();
})
.ConfigureLogging((hostingContext, logging) =>
{
//add your logging
})
.UseIISIntegration()
.Configure(app =>
{
app.UseOcelot().Wait();
})
.Build()
.Run();
}
}
}
注意:打开 Gateway.csproj 文件,更改
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
</PropertyGroup>
为
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>OutOfProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
</PropertyGroup>
至此,一个基础网关基本构建完成。
构建 Consul 服务
-
使用 Chocoletey 安装 Consul,
choco install consul
新建一个文件夹以保存 Consul 服务配置
-
在 consul.d 文件夹中添加配置文件,内容如下:
{
"services": [{
"ID": "ServiceA",
"Name": "ServiceA",
"Tags": [
"ServiceAWebApi", "Api"
],
"Address": "127.0.0.1",
"Port": 8010,
"Check": {
"HTTP": "http://127.0.0.1:8010/Api/health",
"Interval": "10s"
}
}, {
"id": "ServiceB",
"name": "ServiceB",
"tags": [
"ServiceBWebApi","Api"
],
"Address": "127.0.0.1",
"Port": 8011,
"Check": [{
"HTTP": "http://127.0.0.1:8011/Api/health",
"Interval": "10s"
}
]
}
]
} -
启动 consul 服务
consul agent -dev -config-dir=./consul.d
启动后在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8500/ui/ 以查看Consul服务
Postman 验证
F5 启动 Gateway 项目,启动 Postman 发送请求到 ServiceA 获取 Token。
使用 Token 请求 ServiceA Values 接口
当尝试使用 ServiceA 获取到的 Token 去获取 ServiceB 的数据时,请求也如意料之中返回 401
总结
至此,一个由 .NET Core、IdentityServer4、Ocelot、Consul实现的基础架构搭建完毕。源码地址