NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

.NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul 基础架构实现

先决条件

  • 关于 Ocelot
    • 针对使用 .NET 开发微服务架构或者面向服务架构提供一个统一访问系统的组件。 参考
    • 本文将使用 Ocelot 构建统一入口的 Gateway。
  • 关于 IdentityServer4
    • IdentityServer4 是一个 OpenID Connect 和 OAuth 2.0 框架用于 ASP.NET Core 。IdentityServer4 在你的应用程序中集成了基于令牌认证、单点登录、API访问控制所需的所有协议和扩展点。参考
    • 本文将使用 IdentityServer4 搭建独立认证服务器。
  • 关于 Consul
    • Consul 是一个服务网格解决方案,通过服务发现、配置、功能分割提供一个全功能的控制层。这些功能可以单独使用,也可以同时使用以形成一个完整的网格服务。参考
    • 本文将使用 Consul 注册多个服务。
  • 关于 .Net Core
    • 将使用 WebApi 构建多个服务

构建 IdentityServer 服务

  1. 添加 ASP.Net Core Web 项目
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul
  2. 添加空项目
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul
  3. 在程序包管理控制台中输入:Install-Package IdentityServer4.AspNetIdentity
  4. 添加 Config.cs 文件,并添加内容如下:

     using System.Collections.Generic;
    using IdentityServer4.Models;
    using IdentityServer4.Test; namespace IdentityServer
    {
    public sealed class Config
    {
    public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
    {
    return new List<ApiResource>
    {
    new ApiResource("ServiceA", "ServiceA API"),
    new ApiResource("ServiceB", "ServiceB API")
    };
    } public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
    {
    return new List<Client>
    {
    new Client
    {
    ClientId = "ServiceAClient",
    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,
    ClientSecrets =
    {
    new Secret("ServiceAClient".Sha256())
    },
    AllowedScopes = new List<string> {"ServiceA"},
    AccessTokenLifetime = 60 * 60 * 1
    },
    new Client
    {
    ClientId = "ServiceBClient",
    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,
    ClientSecrets =
    {
    new Secret("ServiceBClient".Sha256())
    },
    AllowedScopes = new List<string> {"ServiceB"},
    AccessTokenLifetime = 60 * 60 * 1
    }
    };
    } public static List<TestUser> GetUsers()
    {
    return new List<TestUser>
    {
    new TestUser
    {
    Username = "test",
    Password = "123456",
    SubjectId = "1"
    }
    };
    } public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> GetIdentityResources()
    {
    return new List<IdentityResource>();
    }
    }
    }

    注意:这里添加了两个 Client ,分别为 ServiceA、ServiceB ,因此接下来将构建这两个服务。

  5. 删掉StartUp.cs文件,在Program.cs中添加内容如下:

     using Microsoft.AspNetCore;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace IdentityServer
    {
    public class Program
    {
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
    CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
    } public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args)
    {
    return WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args).ConfigureServices(services =>
    {
    services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); services.AddIdentityServer()
    .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
    .AddInMemoryIdentityResources(Config.GetIdentityResources())
    .AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.GetApiResources())
    .AddInMemoryClients(Config.GetClients())
    .AddTestUsers(Config.GetUsers());
    }).Configure(app =>
    {
    app.UseIdentityServer();
    });
    }
    }
    }

    注意:AddDeveloperSigningCredential() 方法用于添加开发时使用的 Key material ,生产环境中不要使用该方法。在 .NET Core 2.2 中新建的 Web 项目文件 csproj 中包含了如下内容:
    csharp <PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework> <AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel> </PropertyGroup>
    这里更改
    csharp <AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
    为或直接删除该行,这么做的原因是当值为 InProcess 时,读写 tempkey.rsa 将产生权限问题。关于 AspNetCoreHostingModel 可参考 ASP.NET Core Module 。
    csharp <AspNetCoreHostingModel>OutOfProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>

  6. F5 启动该服务,显示如下:
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

    在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:38033/.well-known/openid-configuration ,得到以下内容
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

至此,一个包含两个服务认证的认证服务搭建完毕。

构建 ServiceA、ServiceB

  1. 添加 ASP.Net Core Web 项目,这里以 ServiceA 为例进行构建
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

  2. 添加 ASP.Net Core API
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

  3. 在 StartUp.cs 中添加内容如下:

     using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace ServiceA
    {
    public class Startup
    {
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
    Configuration = configuration;
    } public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
    services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); services.AddAuthentication("Bearer")
    .AddJwtBearer("Bearer", options =>
    {
    options.Authority = "http://127.0.0.1:8021";
    options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
    options.Audience = "ServiceA";
    });
    } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
    {
    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
    app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    }
    app.UseAuthentication();
    app.UseMvc();
    }
    }
    }
  4. 添加 SessionController 用于用户登录,内容如下:

     using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
    using System.Net.Http;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using IdentityModel.Client;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers
    {
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class SessionController : ControllerBase
    {
    public async Task<string> Login(UserRequestModel userRequestModel)
    {
    // discover endpoints from metadata
    var client = new HttpClient();
    DiscoveryResponse disco = await client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("http://127.0.0.1:8021");
    if (disco.IsError)
    {
    return "认证服务器未启动";
    }
    TokenResponse tokenResponse = await client.RequestPasswordTokenAsync(new PasswordTokenRequest
    {
    Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
    ClientId = "ServiceAClient",
    ClientSecret = "ServiceAClient",
    UserName = userRequestModel.Name,
    Password = userRequestModel.Password
    }); return tokenResponse.IsError ? tokenResponse.Error : tokenResponse.AccessToken;
    }
    } public class UserRequestModel
    {
    [Required(ErrorMessage = "用户名称不可以为空")]
    public string Name { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "用户密码不可以为空")]
    public string Password { get; set; }
    }
    }
  5. 添加 HealthController 用于 Consul 进行服务健康检查,内容如下:

     using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
    
     namespace ServiceA.Controllers
    {
    [Route("api/[controller]"), ApiController]
    public class HealthController : ControllerBase
    {
    /// <summary>
    /// 健康检查
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    [HttpGet]
    public IActionResult Get()
    {
    return Ok();
    }
    }
    }
  6. 更改 ValuesController.cs 内容如下:

     using System.Collections.Generic;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers
    {
    [Authorize] //添加 Authorize Attribute 以使该控制器启用认证
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class ValuesController : ControllerBase
    {
    // GET api/values
    [HttpGet]
    public ActionResult<IEnumerable<string>> Get()
    {
    return new[] { "value1", "value2" };
    }
    }
    }

注意,以上基本完成了 ServiceA 的服务构建,但在实际应用中应做一些修改,例如:IdentityServer 地址应在 appsettings.json 中进行配置,不应把地址分散于项目中各处;认证服务启用最好在全局启用,以防止漏写等等。ServiceB 的内容与 ServiceA 大致相似,因此文章中将不再展示 ServiceB 的构建过程。

Gateway 构建

  1. 添加ASP.Net Web
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

  2. 添加空项目
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

  3. 打开程序包管理器控制台输入命令:
    csharp install-package Ocelot //添加 Ocelot
    csharp install-package Ocelot.Provider.Consul // 添加 Consul 服务发现
  4. 添加 ocelot.json 文件,内容如下

     {
    "ReRoutes": [
    {
    "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/{everything}",
    "DownstreamScheme": "http",
    "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ServiceA/{everything}",
    "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT" ],
    "ServiceName": "ServiceA", //consul 服务中 ServiceA 的名称
    "LoadBalancerOptions": {
    "Type": "LeastConnection"
    }
    },
    {
    "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/{everything}",
    "DownstreamScheme": "http",
    "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ServiceB/{everything}",
    "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT" ],
    "ServiceName": "ServiceB", //consul 服务中 ServiceB 的名称
    "LoadBalancerOptions": {
    "Type": "LeastConnection"
    }
    }
    ],
    "GlobalConfiguration": {
    "ServiceDiscoveryProvider": { // Consul 服务发现配置
    "Host": "localhost", // Consul 地址
    "Port": 8500,
    "Type": "Consul"
    }
    }
    }
  5. 删除 StartUp.cs 文件,在 Program.cs 文件中添加如下内容

     using System.IO;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
    using Ocelot.DependencyInjection;
    using Ocelot.Middleware;
    using Ocelot.Provider.Consul; namespace ApiGateway
    {
    public class Program
    {
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
    new WebHostBuilder()
    .UseKestrel()
    .UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
    .ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) =>
    {
    config
    .SetBasePath(hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath)
    .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", true, true)
    .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName}.json", true, true)
    .AddJsonFile("ocelot.json")
    .AddEnvironmentVariables();
    })
    .ConfigureServices(services =>
    {
    services.AddOcelot().AddConsul();
    })
    .ConfigureLogging((hostingContext, logging) =>
    {
    //add your logging
    })
    .UseIISIntegration()
    .Configure(app =>
    {
    app.UseOcelot().Wait();
    })
    .Build()
    .Run();
    }
    }
    }

注意:打开 Gateway.csproj 文件,更改

<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
</PropertyGroup>

<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>OutOfProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
</PropertyGroup>

至此,一个基础网关基本构建完成。

构建 Consul 服务

  1. 使用 Chocoletey 安装 Consul,

    choco install consul
  2. 新建一个文件夹以保存 Consul 服务配置
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

  3. 在 consul.d 文件夹中添加配置文件,内容如下:

        {
    "services": [{
    "ID": "ServiceA",
    "Name": "ServiceA",
    "Tags": [
    "ServiceAWebApi", "Api"
    ],
    "Address": "127.0.0.1",
    "Port": 8010,
    "Check": {
    "HTTP": "http://127.0.0.1:8010/Api/health",
    "Interval": "10s"
    }
    }, {
    "id": "ServiceB",
    "name": "ServiceB",
    "tags": [
    "ServiceBWebApi","Api"
    ],
    "Address": "127.0.0.1",
    "Port": 8011,
    "Check": [{
    "HTTP": "http://127.0.0.1:8011/Api/health",
    "Interval": "10s"
    }
    ]
    }
    ]
    }
  4. 启动 consul 服务

    consul agent -dev -config-dir=./consul.d

    启动后在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8500/ui/ 以查看Consul服务
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

Postman 验证

  1. F5 启动 Gateway 项目,启动 Postman 发送请求到 ServiceA 获取 Token。
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

  2. 使用 Token 请求 ServiceA Values 接口
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

  3. 当尝试使用 ServiceA 获取到的 Token 去获取 ServiceB 的数据时,请求也如意料之中返回 401
    NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul

总结

至此,一个由 .NET Core、IdentityServer4、Ocelot、Consul实现的基础架构搭建完毕。源码地址

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