今天尝试在ubuntu环境下安装ROS Kinetic，发现过程还不是很顺，我这里分享一下我的过程：

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver 'hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80' --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-desktop-full

下面修改代理：

sudo vim /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list

由于github国内访问总是超时，我把它换成了代理，然后fuerte.yaml需要手动下载哈，下载地址：
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml
然后修改一下下面的路径，我的fuerte.yaml的路径为：
file:///media/data/T1061601/fuerte.yaml

# os-specific listings first
yaml https://raw.fastgit.org/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx

# generic
yaml https://raw.fastgit.org/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
yaml https://raw.fastgit.org/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
yaml https://raw.fastgit.org/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
gbpdistro file:///media/data/T1061601/fuerte.yaml  fuerte

#gbpdistro https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/ros/rosdistro@master/releases/fuerte.yaml future
# newer distributions (Groovy, Hydro, ...) must not be listed anymore, they are being fetched from the rosdistro index.yaml instead

保存退出

:wq

修改一下python2.7的代理

sudo vim /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdistro/__init__.py

像下面这样

# DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'
DEFAULT_INDEX_URL='https://raw.fastgit.org/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'

:wq

然后运行：

rosdep update

参考文献

rosdep update出错解决办法，下载文件替换法——No such file or directory: ‘/etc/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml
Installing ROS kinetic on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
Ubuntu install of ROS Kinetic