将iOS项目进行子工程化(二)

二、创建依赖模块工程的一个示例

    开发中还有一种场景,公司可能有一组App,这些App中可能有很多相似的模块,例如某些应用程序分为用户端和老板端,他们都有相同的登录模块,我们可以使用workspace来进行项目和模块的管理。新建一个文件夹命名为Projects,在其中创建一个workspace文件,也命名为Projects。在workspace文件中新建两个项目工程和一个动态库工程,在创建时,注意选择加入workspace,如下图:

将iOS项目进行子工程化(二)

创建的3个工程分别命名为UserProject,BossProject和LoginLib,结构如下:

将iOS项目进行子工程化(二)

类似我们的第一个示例,配置完头文件路径后,将动态库引入UserProject和BossProject工程,即实现了LoginLib模块的复用。

三、如果子工程只能够有资源文件

    如果子工程中有资源文件,无论是plist文件还是图片素材,在主工程调用动态库时,这些文件都是没有被打包进来的。有两种方式来处理这个问题:

1.将资源文件打包成Bundle包,从包中取资源

    Xcode可以创建Bundle资源包,这种文件创建后编译时会自动打包成Bundle文件。需要注意,Xcode只能创建MacOS下的Bundle模板,创建后需要将编译选项设置为iOS。这种方式有很大的弊端,首先主工程必须引入编译后的Bundle包,如果每次新增或修改资源,都要重新打包和导入。其次,在子工程中对素材进行使用时,都必须以Bundle为媒介,增加的复杂度。

2.使用shell拷贝资源脚本

    这种方式每次在编译时都会将资源进行拷贝,类似CocoaPods的管理模式,推荐使用。例如,在主工程的编译选项中新建一个脚本文件,如图:

将iOS项目进行子工程化(二)

编写如下脚本代码即可:

#!/bin/sh
# set -e

mkdir -p "${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}"

install_resource()
{
  if [[ "$1" = /* ]] ; then
    RESOURCE_PATH="$1"
  fi
  if [[ ! -e "$RESOURCE_PATH" ]] ; then
    cat << EOM
error: Resource "$RESOURCE_PATH" not found.
EOM
    exit 1
  fi
  case $RESOURCE_PATH in
    *.storyboard)
      echo "ibtool --reference-external-strings-file --errors --warnings --notices --minimum-deployment-target ${!DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_SETTING_NAME} --output-format human-readable-text --compile ${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}/`basename \"$RESOURCE_PATH\" .storyboard`.storyboardc $RESOURCE_PATH --sdk ${SDKROOT} ${TARGET_DEVICE_ARGS}"
      ibtool --reference-external-strings-file --errors --warnings --notices --minimum-deployment-target ${!DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_SETTING_NAME} --output-format human-readable-text --compile "${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}/`basename \"$RESOURCE_PATH\" .storyboard`.storyboardc" "$RESOURCE_PATH" --sdk "${SDKROOT}" ${TARGET_DEVICE_ARGS}
      ;;
    *.xib)
      echo "ibtool --reference-external-strings-file --errors --warnings --notices --minimum-deployment-target ${!DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_SETTING_NAME} --output-format human-readable-text --compile ${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}/`basename \"$RESOURCE_PATH\" .xib`.nib $RESOURCE_PATH --sdk ${SDKROOT} ${TARGET_DEVICE_ARGS}"
      ibtool --reference-external-strings-file --errors --warnings --notices --minimum-deployment-target ${!DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_SETTING_NAME} --output-format human-readable-text --compile "${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}/`basename \"$RESOURCE_PATH\" .xib`.nib" "$RESOURCE_PATH" --sdk "${SDKROOT}" ${TARGET_DEVICE_ARGS}
      ;;
    *.framework)
      echo "mkdir -p ${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH}"
      mkdir -p "${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH}"
      echo "rsync -av $RESOURCE_PATH ${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH}"
      rsync -av "$RESOURCE_PATH" "${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH}"
      ;;
    *.xcdatamodel)
      echo "xcrun momc \"$RESOURCE_PATH\" \"${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}/`basename "$RESOURCE_PATH"`.mom\""
      xcrun momc "$RESOURCE_PATH" "${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}/`basename "$RESOURCE_PATH" .xcdatamodel`.mom"
      ;;
    *.xcdatamodeld)
      echo "xcrun momc \"$RESOURCE_PATH\" \"${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}/`basename "$RESOURCE_PATH" .xcdatamodeld`.momd\""
      xcrun momc "$RESOURCE_PATH" "${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}/`basename "$RESOURCE_PATH" .xcdatamodeld`.momd"
      ;;
    *.xcmappingmodel)
      echo "xcrun mapc \"$RESOURCE_PATH\" \"${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}/`basename "$RESOURCE_PATH" .xcmappingmodel`.cdm\""
      xcrun mapc "$RESOURCE_PATH" "${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}/`basename "$RESOURCE_PATH" .xcmappingmodel`.cdm"
      ;;
    *.xcassets)
      echo "all xcassets will compile later!"
      ;;
    *)
      echo "$RESOURCE_PATH"
      echo "$RESOURCE_PATH" >> "$RESOURCES_TO_COPY"
      ;;
  esac
}

install_project_resouces()
{
  PROJECT_RESOURCE_DIR="${PROJECT_DIR}/../$1"
  
  if [[ ! -e "${PROJECT_RESOURCE_DIR}" ]]; then
    cat << EOM
error: PROJECT_RESOURCE_DIR "${PROJECT_RESOURCE_DIR}" not found
EOM
    exit 1
  fi

  echo "copy resources in ${PROJECT_RESOURCE_DIR} to ${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}"

  ALL_RESOURCES=()

  FIND_ALL_RESOURCES=$(find "$PROJECT_RESOURCE_DIR" -iname "*.xcassets" -o -iname "*.xib" -o -iname "*.storyboard" -o -iname "*.plist" ! -iname "Info.plist")
  while read line; do
      ALL_RESOURCES+=("$line")
  done <<<"$FIND_ALL_RESOURCES"

  RESOURCES_TO_COPY="${PROJECT_RESOURCE_DIR}/resources-to-copy.txt"
  > "$RESOURCES_TO_COPY"

  case "${TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY}" in
    1,2)
      TARGET_DEVICE_ARGS="--target-device ipad --target-device iphone"
    ;;
    1)
      TARGET_DEVICE_ARGS="--target-device iphone"
    ;;
    2)
      TARGET_DEVICE_ARGS="--target-device ipad"
    ;;
    3)
      TARGET_DEVICE_ARGS="--target-device tv"
    ;;
    *)
      TARGET_DEVICE_ARGS="--target-device mac"
    ;;
  esac

  for i in ${ALL_RESOURCES[@]}; do
    install_resource "${i}"
  done

  mkdir -p "${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}"
  rsync -avr --copy-links --no-relative --exclude '*/.svn/*' --files-from="$RESOURCES_TO_COPY" / "${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}"
  if [[ "${ACTION}" == "install" ]] && [[ "${SKIP_INSTALL}" == "NO" ]]; then
    mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}"
    rsync -avr --copy-links --no-relative --exclude '*/.svn/*' --files-from="$RESOURCES_TO_COPY" / "${INSTALL_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}"
  fi

  rm -f "$RESOURCES_TO_COPY"
}

for module in ${MODULES}; do
  install_project_resouces "${module}"
done

XCASSETS_SEARCH_DIR="${PROJECT_DIR}/.."
XCASSET_FILES=()

if [[ -n "${WRAPPER_EXTENSION}" ]] && [ "`xcrun --find actool`" ]
then
  # Find all other xcassets (this unfortunately includes those of path pods and other targets).
  ALL_XCASSETS=$(find "$XCASSETS_SEARCH_DIR" -iname "*.xcassets" -type d)
  while read line; do
    if [[ $line != "${PODS_ROOT}*" ]]; then
      XCASSET_FILES+=("$line")
    fi
  done <<<"$ALL_XCASSETS"

  echo "compile all xcassets: ${XCASSET_FILES[@]}"
  printf "%s\0" "${XCASSET_FILES[@]}" | xargs -0 xcrun actool --output-format human-readable-text --notices --warnings --platform "${PLATFORM_NAME}" --minimum-deployment-target "${!DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_SETTING_NAME}" ${TARGET_DEVICE_ARGS} --compress-pngs --compile "${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/${UNLOCALIZED_RESOURCES_FOLDER_PATH}"
fi

echo "all done!"

四、一点小体悟

    本博客所讨论的,只是从工程结构上实现模块化与组件化的方式,一个公司可能会有很多个App产品,但其中一定有某些基础模块是可以复用的,除了进行静态库封装或动态库封装外,进行并列工程化也是一种很好的选择,这样可以同步开发,迭代更快。除了公用的模块,还有一些模块可能并不公用但是确可以独立开发,例如资讯类项目中可能会有用户模块,社交模块和内容模块,将这些拆分为项目内的子工程可以使项目的结构更加清晰,模块化测试也更容易进行。

    最后,仅仅项目结构上的模块化远远达不到真正实现组件化项目的要求,遵守协议为标准,以函数式编程为方式,全局着眼的接口设计与路由规划,良好的编程习惯与统一的代码风格,这种代码层面的项目开发管理才真正任重道远。后面有时间我会陆续通过其他博客来探讨这些问题。希望一起交流,共同学习!

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