java 日志一

pom

        <!-- logback+slf4j -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.25</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.11</version>
        </dependency>

logback.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration debug="false">
    <!--定义日志文件的存储地址 勿在 LogBack 的配置中使用相对路径 -->
    <property name="LOG_HOME" value="./logs" />
    <!-- 控制台输出 -->
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <!--格式化输出:%d表示日期,%thread表示线程名,%-5level:级别从左显示5个字符宽度%msg:日志消息,%n是换行符 -->
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} -
                %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- 按照每天生成日志文件 -->
    <appender name="FILE"
        class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!--日志文件输出的文件名 -->
            <FileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}/loud_data.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log
            </FileNamePattern>
            <!--日志文件保留天数 -->
            <MaxHistory>30</MaxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <!--格式化输出:%d表示日期,%thread表示线程名,%-5level:级别从左显示5个字符宽度%msg:日志消息,%n是换行符 -->
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} -
                %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <!--日志文件最大的大小 -->
        <triggeringPolicy
            class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
            <MaxFileSize>10MB</MaxFileSize>
        </triggeringPolicy>
    </appender>

    <!-- 日志输出级别 -->
    <root level="info">
        <!--debug  info  -->
        <appender-ref ref="FILE" />
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </root>
</configuration>

我们先来看看SLF4J对Commons Logging的接口有何改进。在Commons Logging中,我们要打印日志,有时候得这么写:

int score = 99;
p.setScore(score);
log.info("Set score " + score + " for Person " + p.getName() + " ok.");

拼字符串是一个非常麻烦的事情,所以SLF4J的日志接口改进成这样了:

int score = 99;
p.setScore(score);
logger.info("Set score {} for Person {} ok.", score, p.getName());

如何使用SLF4J?它的接口实际上和Commons Logging几乎一模一样:

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

class Main {
    final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
}

对比一下Commons Logging和SLF4J的接口:

Commons Logging                          SLF4J
org.apache.commons.logging.Log                 org.slf4j.Logger
org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory             org.slf4j.LoggerFactory

 

 不同之处就是Log变成了Logger,LogFactory变成了LoggerFactory。

使用SLF4J和Logback和前面讲到的使用Commons Logging加Log4j是类似的,先分别下载SLF4JLogback,然后把以下jar包放到classpath下:

  • slf4j-api-1.7.x.jar
  • logback-classic-1.2.x.jar
  • logback-core-1.2.x.jar

然后使用SLF4J的Logger和LoggerFactory即可。和Log4j类似,我们仍然需要一个Logback的配置文件,把logback.xml放到classpath下,配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>

    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
            <charset>utf-8</charset>
        </encoder>
        <file>log/output.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.FixedWindowRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>log/output.log.%i</fileNamePattern>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
            <MaxFileSize>1MB</MaxFileSize>
        </triggeringPolicy>
    </appender>

    <root level="INFO">
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE" />
        <appender-ref ref="FILE" />
    </root>
</configuration>

运行即可获得类似如下的输出:

13:15:25.328 [main] INFO  com.itranswarp.learnjava.Main - Start process...

从目前的趋势来看,越来越多的开源项目从Commons Logging加Log4j转向了SLF4J加Logback。

 

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