关于python中Enum的个人总结
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初识
- 可以通过enum模块导入
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语法
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初始化：
- 可以通过
enum_ = Enum('class_name', names,start = 1)来创建，其中names可以是字符串，可以是列表/元组。内部定义为：
def _create_(cls, class_name, names, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1):
"""Convenience method to create a new Enum class. `names` can be: * A string containing member names, separated either with spaces or
commas. Values are incremented by 1 from `start`.
* An iterable of member names. Values are incremented by 1 from `start`.
* An iterable of (member name, value) pairs.
* A mapping of member name -> value pairs. """
metacls = cls.__class__
bases = (cls, ) if type is None else (type, cls)
_, first_enum = cls._get_mixins_(bases)
classdict = metacls.__prepare__(class_name, bases) # special processing needed for names?
if isinstance(names, str):
names = names.replace(',', ' ').split()
if isinstance(names, (tuple, list)) and names and isinstance(names[0], str):
original_names, names = names, []
last_values = []
for count, name in enumerate(original_names):
value = first_enum._generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values[:])
last_values.append(value)
names.append((name, value)) # Here, names is either an iterable of (name, value) or a mapping.
for item in names:
if isinstance(item, str):
member_name, member_value = item, names[item]
else:
member_name, member_value = item
classdict[member_name] = member_value
enum_class = metacls.__new__(metacls, class_name, bases, classdict) # TODO: replace the frame hack if a blessed way to know the calling
# module is ever developed
if module is None:
try:
module = sys._getframe(2).f_globals['__name__']
except (AttributeError, ValueError, KeyError) as exc:
pass
if module is None:
_make_class_unpicklable(enum_class)
else:
enum_class.__module__ = module
if qualname is not None:
enum_class.__qualname__ = qualname return enum_class通过这样就可以初始化并返回一个枚举类。
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关于Enum的元素的使用
通过源码可知：可以通过：enum_(value).vlaue/name，或者sth = enum.name-->sth.name/value，至于为什么，需要查看源码：
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class DynamicClassAttribute:
"""Route attribute access on a class to __getattr__. This is a descriptor, used to define attributes that act differently when
accessed through an instance and through a class. Instance access remains
normal, but access to an attribute through a class will be routed to the
class's __getattr__ method; this is done by raising AttributeError. This allows one to have properties active on an instance, and have virtual
attributes on the class with the same name (see Enum for an example). """
def __init__(self, fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None):
self.fget = fget
self.fset = fset
self.fdel = fdel
# next two lines make DynamicClassAttribute act the same as property
self.__doc__ = doc or fget.__doc__
self.overwrite_doc = doc is None
# support for abstract methods
self.__isabstractmethod__ = bool(getattr(fget, '__isabstractmethod__', False)) def __get__(self, instance, ownerclass=None):
if instance is None:
if self.__isabstractmethod__:
return self
raise AttributeError()
elif self.fget is None:
raise AttributeError("unreadable attribute")
return self.fget(instance) def __set__(self, instance, value):
if self.fset is None:
raise AttributeError("can't set attribute")
self.fset(instance, value) def __delete__(self, instance):
if self.fdel is None:
raise AttributeError("can't delete attribute")
self.fdel(instance) def getter(self, fget):
fdoc = fget.__doc__ if self.overwrite_doc else None
result = type(self)(fget, self.fset, self.fdel, fdoc or self.__doc__)
result.overwrite_doc = self.overwrite_doc
return result def setter(self, fset):
result = type(self)(self.fget, fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)
result.overwrite_doc = self.overwrite_doc
return result def deleter(self, fdel):
result = type(self)(self.fget, self.fset, fdel, self.__doc__)
result.overwrite_doc = self.overwrite_doc
return result需要先实例化才能使用。
- 可以通过
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结语
最后，Enum不仅可以是一个好的枚举也可以拿来代替一些繁琐的类、状态、顺序等东西。比如说：`life = Enum('life', 'born baby teenager adult older die')。
当然，更多的秘密等着你们自己去挖掘。