我们可以借助obj-c中的键值编码(以后简称KVC,Key-Value Coding)来存取类的属性,通过指定所要访问的属性名字符串标示符,可以使用存取器方法来获取或设置类的属性。下面的例子,借助于KVC的功能读取和设置了类Son实例的属性i:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #define msg(...) NSLog(__VA_ARGS__) #define mki(x) [NSNumber numberWithInt:x] @interface Son:NSObject{ NSArray *ary; NSNumber *i; } @property NSArray *ary; @property NSNumber *i; @end @implementation Son @synthesize ary,i; -(id)init{ return [self init:0]; } -(id)init:(int)i_v{ self = [super init]; if(self){ ary = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:mki(1),mki(2),mki(10),\ mki(100),nil]; i = [NSNumber numberWithInt:i_v]; } return self; } @end int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { @autoreleasepool{ Son *son = [[Son alloc] init]; [son setValue:mki(1001) forKey:@"i"]; msg(@"%@",[son valueForKey:@"i"]); msg(@"%@",[son valueForKeyPath:@"ary.@count"]);
运行结果如下:
apple@kissAir: objc_src$clang -fobjc-arc -framework Foundation k.m -o k
apple@kissAir: objc_src$./k
2014-07-06 15:51:56.098 k[1386:507] 1001
KVC其中有KeyPath的概念,比如类Baba中有一个属性名为son,其是Son的对象;而类Son中也有属性NSString name,这时我们可以使用KeyPath的语法,像遍历树一样找到最终的属性name:
[baba valueForKeyPath:@"son.name"];
[baba setValue:@"tom" forKeyPath:@"son.name"];
除了遍历对象关系以外,我们还可以访问一些操作对象集合的函数,比如求平均数等等:
下面实际看一个例子
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #define msg(...) NSLog(__VA_ARGS__) #define mki(x) [NSNumber numberWithInt:x] @interface Son:NSObject{ NSArray *ary; NSNumber *i; } @property NSArray *ary; @property NSNumber *i; @end @implementation Son @synthesize ary,i; -(id)init{ return [self init:0]; } -(id)init:(int)i_v{ self = [super init]; if(self){ ary = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:mki(1),mki(2),mki(10),\ mki(100),nil]; i = [NSNumber numberWithInt:i_v]; } return self; } @end int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { @autoreleasepool{ Son *son = [[Son alloc] init]; [son setValue:mki(1001) forKey:@"i"]; msg(@"%@",[son valueForKey:@"i"]); msg(@"%@",[son valueForKeyPath:@"ary.@count"]); Son *son0 = [[Son alloc] init:11]; Son *son1 = [[Son alloc] init:200]; Son *son2 = [[Son alloc] init:25]; NSArray *ary = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:son,son0,son1,son2,nil]; msg(@"avg:%@",[ary valueForKeyPath:@"@avg.i"]); msg(@"sum:%@",[ary valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.i"]); } return 0; }
运行结果如下:
apple@kissAir: objc_src$./k
2014-07-06 15:51:56.098 k[1386:507] 1001
2014-07-06 15:51:56.100 k[1386:507] 4
2014-07-06 15:51:56.100 k[1386:507] avg:309.25
2014-07-06 15:51:56.101 k[1386:507] sum:1237