一、什么是playbook及其组成
什么是playbook
playbook 翻译过来就是"剧本"
playbook的组成
play：定义的是主机的角色
task：定义的是具体执行的任务
playbook：由一个或多个play组成，一个play可以包含多个task
二、playbook的优势
、功能比adhoc更全
、控制好依赖
、展现更直观
、持久使用
三、playbook的配置语法
基本使用
playbook基础使用
ansible-playbook playbook.yml [options] -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER
＃ ssh 连接的用户名
-k, --ask-pass
＃ssh登录认证密码
-s, --sudo
＃sudo 到root用户，相当于Linux系统下的sudo命令
-U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER
＃sudo 到对应的用户
-K, --ask-sudo-pass ＃用户的密码（—sudo时使用）
-T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT
＃ ssh 连接超时，默认 秒
-C, --check ＃ 指定该参数后，执行 playbook 文件不会真正去执行，而是模拟执行一遍，然后输出本次执行会对远程主机造成的修改
-e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS
＃ 设置额外的变量如：key=value 形式 或者 YAML or JSON，以空格分隔变量，或用多个-e
-f FORKS, --forks=FORKS ＃ 进程并发处理，默认
-i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY
＃ 指定 hosts 文件路径，默认 default=/etc/ansible/hosts
-l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET
＃ 指定一个 pattern，对- hosts:匹配到的主机再过滤一次
--list-hosts ＃ 只打印有哪些主机会执行这个 playbook 文件，不是实际执行该 playbook
--list-tasks ＃ 列出该 playbook 中会被执行的 task
--private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE ＃ 私钥路径
--step ＃ 同一时间只执行一个 task，每个 task 执行前都会提示确认一遍
--syntax-check ＃ 只检测 playbook 文件语法是否有问题，不会执行该 playbook
-t TAGS, --tags=TAGS ＃当 play 和 task 的 tag 为该参数指定的值时才执行，多个 tag 以逗号分隔
--skip-tags=SKIP_TAGS ＃ 当 play 和 task 的 tag 不匹配该参数指定的值时，才执行
-v, --verbose ＃输出更详细的执行过程信息，-vvv可得到所有执行过程信息。 原文链接：https://www.imooc.com/article/22729
使用场景
1、playbook的配置
示例：
---
- hosts : 192.168.56.11
remote_user : root
vars :
touch_file : devops.file
tasks :
- name : touch file
shell: "touch /tmp/{{touch_file}}"
2、执行
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[test_group1]
#192.168.56.11: ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=''
#192.168.56.11: ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_key_file=/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa
192.168.56.11: ansible_ssh_user=root #列出f1.yml指的的主机与/etc/ansible/hosts匹配到的主机
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/hosts --list-hosts ./f1.yml playbook: ./f1.yml play # (192.168.56.11): 192.168.56.11 TAGS: []
pattern: ['192.168.56.11']
hosts ():
192.168.56.11 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/hosts ./f1.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] *********************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [touch file] **************************************************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************
192.168.56.11 : ok= changed= unreachable= failed=
3、执行结果返回
- 红色：表示有task执行失败或者提醒的信息
- 黄色：表示执行了且改变了远程主机状态
- 绿色：表示执行成功
主机匹配
yaml语法和变量
yaml语法
- 大小写敏感
- 使用缩进表示层级关系(只能空格不能使用tab)
- yaml文件"---"作为文档的开始
yaml支持的数据结构
yaml变量的应用
playbook变量
- playbook的yaml文件中的定义变量赋值
- --extra-vars执行参数赋给变量
示例：
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f1.yml
---
- hosts : 192.168.56.11
remote_user : root
# vars : # 注册这两行
# touch_file : devops.file
tasks :
- name : touch file
shell: "touch /tmp/{{touch_file}}" # 执行
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f1.yml --extra-vars "touch_file=json2" PLAY [192.168.56.11] *********************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [touch file] **************************************************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************
192.168.56.11 : ok= changed= unreachable= failed=
查看执行结果
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible all -a 'ls /tmp'
192.168.56.11 | SUCCESS | rc= >>
devops.file
json2
3、在文件中定义变量
在资产清单中定义变量
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[test_group1]
#192.168.56.11: ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=''
#192.168.56.11: ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_key_file=/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa
192.168.56.11: ansible_ssh_user=root # 添加两行内容如下： 当f1.yaml执行时会引用(touch_file)这个变量
[test_group1:vars]
touch_file=json3 # 执行
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f1.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] *********************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [touch file] **************************************************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************
192.168.56.11 : ok= changed= unreachable= failed= # 查看执行服务器(192.168.56.11 )上是否有json3文件
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible all -a 'ls /tmp'
192.168.56.11 | SUCCESS | rc= >>
json2
json3
示例
4、注册变量
register关键字可以存储指定的命令的输出结果到一个自定义的变量中
- name: get time
command:date
register:date_output
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f4.yml
---
- hosts : 192.168.56.11
remote_user : root
vars :
touch_file : devops.file
tasks :
- name : get date
command : date # 执行date命令
register : date_output # 把date的执行结果赋值给date_output
- name : touch file
shell : "touch /tmp/{{touch_file}}"
- name : echo date_output
shell : "echo {{date_output.stdout}}>/tmp/{{touch_file}}" # 执行 加vvv显示详细信息
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f4.yml -vvv
ansible-playbook 2.4.1.0
config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
configured module search path = ['/home/devops/.ansible/plugins/modules', '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
ansible python module location = /usr/local/lib/python3./dist-packages/ansible-2.4.1.0-py3..egg/ansible
executable location = /usr/local/bin/ansible-playbook
python version = 3.6. (default, Apr , ::) [GCC 7.3.]
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
Parsed /etc/ansible/hosts inventory source with ini plugin PLAYBOOK: f4.yml ***********************************************************************************************
plays in ./f4.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] ******************************************************************************************* TASK [Gathering Facts] *****************************************************************************************
Using module file /usr/local/lib/python3./dist-packages/ansible-2.4.1.0-py3..egg/ansible/modules/system/setup.py
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'echo ~ && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'/root\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231 `" && echo ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231="` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231 `" ) && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231=/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> PUT /tmp/tmpihpjzcgr TO /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-/setup.py
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC sftp -b - -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= '[192.168.56.11]'
<192.168.56.11> (, b'sftp> put /tmp/tmpihpjzcgr /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231/setup.py\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'chmod u+x /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231/ /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231/setup.py && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= -tt 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'/usr/bin/python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231/setup.py; rm -rf "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231/" > /dev/null 2>&1 && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'\r\n{"invocation": {"module_args": {"filter": "*", "gather_subset": ["all"], "fact_path": "/etc/ansible/facts.d", "gather_timeout": 10}}, "ansible_facts": {"ansible_product_serial": "VMware-56 4d ba ea 2a 14 bd 0e-90 3f 06 a4 d2 a0 10 ca", "ansible_form_factor": "Other", "ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true, "ansible_fips": false, "ansible_service_mgr": "systemd", "ansible_user_id": "root", "ansible_selinux_python_present": true, "ansible_userspace_bits": "64", "ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDvGRGyqSELPCWRxOyhXtCk8HvSnKH82paTv3gVgfkmD9wI7eVXXQDXOoTXYJZzKK5bDy3fsSZg7BpHDLysHff1fUh3oexfzUepT440VAonQl9cWSdUgSQUPZdJuj+o+9teIbkT4yWxh+ou+59uC1z0zwWWs99aIn4Ul/RdAjJJr0O+iTYcdHsnupAxf9T/bpsW49cTRXhhzkQW9gUpyanfVU94Y+cKb/D178V//zL4/Km/90WSFQGMW0xWTSxh1QbqZge639K3BR/wL5VUJhy8Nv6HQPgV9aTkCLNERk4sjrMWQWP4jsT0VPQ0VpS7iE7GQZrbPx3qE/49vcQNIwG3", "gather_subset": ["all"], "ansible_real_user_id": 0, "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_local": {}, "ansible_distribution_version": "7.3.1611", "ansible_domain": "example.com", "ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/redhat-release", "ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash", "ansible_date_time": {"weekday_number": "4", "iso8601_basic_short": "20180712T200057", "tz": "CST", "weeknumber": "28", "hour": "20", "year": "2018", "minute": "00", "tz_offset": "+0800", "month": "07", "epoch": "1531396857", "iso8601_micro": "2018-07-12T12:00:57.933420Z", "weekday": "\\u661f\\u671f\\u56db", "time": "20:00:57", "date": "2018-07-12", "iso8601": "2018-07-12T12:00:57Z", "day": "12", "iso8601_basic": "20180712T200057933342", "second": "57"}, "ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIDG1zxZJmUXAcaboS6in1sWqmzxiu0mqwHsr0wzF2khq", "ansible_processor_cores": 1, "ansible_virtualization_role": "guest", "ansible_distribution_file_variety": "RedHat", "ansible_env": {"LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8", "TERM": "xterm-256color", "SHELL": "/bin/bash", "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/0", "SHLVL": "2", "SSH_TTY": "/dev/pts/0", "HOME": "/root", "SSH_CLIENT": "192.168.56.133 44790 22", "LESSOPEN": "||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s", "PWD": "/root", "LOGNAME": "root", "USER": "root", "MAIL": "/var/mail/root", "PATH": "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin", "LS_COLORS": 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"XDG_SESSION_ID": "5", "_": "/usr/bin/python", "SSH_CONNECTION": "192.168.56.133 44790 192.168.56.11 22"}, "ansible_effective_group_id": 0, "ansible_bios_version": "6.00", "ansible_processor": ["0", "GenuineIntel", "Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7267U CPU @ 3.10GHz"], "ansible_virtualization_type": "VMware", "ansible_lo": {"features": {"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", "generic_receive_offload": "on", "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on [fixed]", "rx_all": "off [fixed]", "highdma": "on [fixed]", "rx_fcs": "off [fixed]", "tx_lockless": "on [fixed]", "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on", "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]", "tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksumming": "on", "vlan_challenged": "on [fixed]", "loopback": "on [fixed]", "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", "scatter_gather": "on", "tx_checksum_sctp": "on [fixed]", "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off 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"software"], "ipv4": {"broadcast": "host", "netmask": "255.0.0.0", "network": "127.0.0.0", "address": "127.0.0.1"}, "ipv6": [{"scope": "host", "prefix": "128", "address": "::1"}], "active": true, "type": "loopback"}, "ansible_memtotal_mb": 976, "ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBPb+x6CxAv1fn1DdrTK9Gn1AetZc+7Z1fNOmHTKK5YLW9AcE1dNj7ch7XzP98BpgJjkwuqig3TzYuzSajNi7qVg=", "ansible_device_links": {"masters": {"sda2": ["dm-0", "dm-1"]}, "labels": {"sr0": ["CentOS\\\\x207\\\\x20x86_64"]}, "ids": {"sr0": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"], "sda2": ["lvm-pv-uuid-6PpuNw-P0Sl-vgrG-eph3-vPgV-80rS-kVO4nk"], "dm-0": ["dm-name-cl-root", "dm-uuid-LVM-yZVSxca2orueczI165YImVDpRd6Uy7HQ7Qpv8yMY9esqgrnFTcf8dbPKaZ5DK7j1"], "dm-1": ["dm-name-cl-swap", "dm-uuid-LVM-yZVSxca2orueczI165YImVDpRd6Uy7HQJsBOsjYPBRT6yKFLgQcHw9IcENdrUaD0"]}, "uuids": {"sr0": ["2016-12-05-13-55-45-00"], "sda1": ["bd203c5e-8ff1-4060-bcaf-990e2ccb61c1"], "dm-0": ["8d886d43-1ef5-451a-951c-4170c89c9412"], "dm-1": ["2b2df9d8-6c15-4c0e-a4cb-9e25edbf17b8"]}}, "ansible_default_ipv4": {"macaddress": "00:0c:29:a0:10:ca", "network": "192.168.56.0", "mtu": 1500, "broadcast": "192.168.56.255", "alias": "eth0", "netmask": "255.255.255.0", "address": "192.168.56.11", "interface": "eth0", "type": "ether", "gateway": "192.168.56.2"}, "ansible_swapfree_mb": 2047, "ansible_default_ipv6": {}, "ansible_distribution_release": "Core", "ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.", "ansible_apparmor": {"status": "disabled"}, "ansible_cmdline": {"LANG": "en_US.UTF-8", "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64", "quiet": true, "net.ifnames": "0", "rhgb": true, "biosdevname": "0", "crashkernel": "auto", "rd.lvm.lv": "cl/swap", "ro": true, "root": "/dev/mapper/cl-root"}, "ansible_effective_user_id": 0, "ansible_user_gid": 0, "ansible_selinux": {"status": "disabled"}, "ansible_product_version": "None", "ansible_os_family": "RedHat", "ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_product_uuid": "EABA4D56-142A-0EBD-903F-06A4D2A010CA", "ansible_system": "Linux", "ansible_pkg_mgr": "yum", "ansible_memfree_mb": 192, "ansible_devices": {"sr0": {"scheduler_mode": "cfq", "rotational": "1", "vendor": "NECVMWar", "sectors": "8554496", "links": {"masters": [], "labels": ["CentOS\\\\x207\\\\x20x86_64"], "ids": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"], "uuids": ["2016-12-05-13-55-45-00"]}, "sas_device_handle": null, "sas_address": null, "virtual": 1, "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)", "sectorsize": "2048", "removable": "1", "support_discard": "0", "model": "VMware IDE CDR10", "partitions": {}, "holders": [], "size": "16.32 GB"}, "sda": {"scheduler_mode": "deadline", "rotational": "1", "vendor": "VMware,", "sectors": "104857600", "links": {"masters": [], "labels": [], "ids": [], "uuids": []}, "sas_device_handle": null, "sas_address": null, "virtual": 1, "host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)", "sectorsize": "512", "removable": "0", "support_discard": "0", "model": "VMware Virtual S", "partitions": {"sda2": {"sectorsize": 512, "uuid": null, "links": {"masters": ["dm-0", "dm-1"], "labels": [], "ids": ["lvm-pv-uuid-6PpuNw-P0Sl-vgrG-eph3-vPgV-80rS-kVO4nk"], "uuids": []}, "sectors": "102758400", "start": "2099200", "holders": ["cl-root", "cl-swap"], "size": "49.00 GB"}, "sda1": {"sectorsize": 512, "uuid": "bd203c5e-8ff1-4060-bcaf-990e2ccb61c1", "links": {"masters": [], "labels": [], "ids": [], "uuids": ["bd203c5e-8ff1-4060-bcaf-990e2ccb61c1"]}, "sectors": "2097152", "start": "2048", "holders": [], "size": "1.00 GB"}}, "holders": [], "size": "50.00 GB"}, "dm-0": {"scheduler_mode": "", "rotational": "1", "vendor": null, "sectors": "98549760", "links": {"masters": [], "labels": [], "ids": ["dm-name-cl-root", "dm-uuid-LVM-yZVSxca2orueczI165YImVDpRd6Uy7HQ7Qpv8yMY9esqgrnFTcf8dbPKaZ5DK7j1"], "uuids": ["8d886d43-1ef5-451a-951c-4170c89c9412"]}, "sas_device_handle": null, "sas_address": null, "virtual": 1, "host": "", "sectorsize": "512", "removable": "0", "support_discard": "0", "model": null, "partitions": {}, "holders": [], "size": "46.99 GB"}, "dm-1": {"scheduler_mode": "", "rotational": "1", "vendor": null, "sectors": "4194304", "links": {"masters": [], "labels": [], "ids": ["dm-name-cl-swap", "dm-uuid-LVM-yZVSxca2orueczI165YImVDpRd6Uy7HQJsBOsjYPBRT6yKFLgQcHw9IcENdrUaD0"], "uuids": ["2b2df9d8-6c15-4c0e-a4cb-9e25edbf17b8"]}, "sas_device_handle": null, "sas_address": null, "virtual": 1, "host": "", "sectorsize": "512", "removable": "0", "support_discard": "0", "model": null, "partitions": {}, "holders": [], "size": "2.00 GB"}}, "ansible_user_uid": 0, "ansible_lvm": {"pvs": {"/dev/sda2": {"free_g": "0.00", "size_g": "49.00", "vg": "cl"}}, "lvs": {"root": {"size_g": "46.99", "vg": "cl"}, "swap": {"size_g": "2.00", "vg": "cl"}}, "vgs": {"cl": {"free_g": "0.00", "size_g": "49.00", "num_lvs": "2", "num_pvs": "1"}}}, "ansible_distribution": "CentOS", "ansible_user_dir": "/root", "ansible_dns": {"nameservers": ["192.168.56.2"]}, "ansible_distribution_major_version": "7", "module_setup": true, "ansible_processor_count": 1, "ansible_hostname": "linux-node1", "ansible_processor_vcpus": 1, "ansible_swaptotal_mb": 2047, "ansible_lsb": {}, "ansible_real_group_id": 0, "ansible_bios_date": "05/19/2017", "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": ["fe80::20c:29ff:fea0:10ca"], "ansible_interfaces": ["lo", "eth0"], "ansible_uptime_seconds": 695, "ansible_machine_id": "9460c222be194212b2efa3c8edde3c95", "ansible_kernel": "3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64", "ansible_memory_mb": {"real": {"total": 976, "used": 784, "free": 192}, "swap": {"cached": 0, "total": 2047, "free": 2047, "used": 0}, "nocache": {"used": 464, "free": 512}}, "ansible_user_gecos": "root", "ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True", "ansible_python": {"executable": "/usr/bin/python", "version": {"micro": 5, "major": 2, "releaselevel": "final", "serial": 0, "minor": 7}, "type": "CPython", "has_sslcontext": true, "version_info": [2, 7, 5, "final", 0]}, "ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1, "ansible_fqdn": "linux-node1.example.com", "ansible_mounts": [{"block_used": 576476, "uuid": "8d886d43-1ef5-451a-951c-4170c89c9412", "size_total": 50432839680, "block_total": 12312705, "mount": "/", "block_available": 11736229, "size_available": 48071593984, "fstype": "xfs", "inode_total": 24637440, "options": "rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota", "device": "/dev/mapper/cl-root", "inode_used": 57053, "block_size": 4096, "inode_available": 24580387}, {"block_used": 35407, "uuid": "bd203c5e-8ff1-4060-bcaf-990e2ccb61c1", "size_total": 1063256064, "block_total": 259584, "mount": "/boot", "block_available": 224177, "size_available": 918228992, "fstype": "xfs", "inode_total": 524288, "options": "rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota", "device": "/dev/sda1", "inode_used": 330, "block_size": 4096, "inode_available": 523958}], "ansible_eth0": {"macaddress": "00:0c:29:a0:10:ca", "features": {"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", "generic_receive_offload": "on", "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]", "rx_all": "off", "highdma": "off [fixed]", "rx_fcs": "off", "tx_lockless": "off [fixed]", "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]", "tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksumming": "on", "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]", "loopback": "off [fixed]", "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", "scatter_gather": "on", "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]", "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]", "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", "tx_scatter_gather": "on", "rx_checksumming": "off", "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on", "netns_local": "off [fixed]", "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on", "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_offload": "on", "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]", "tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]", "tx_nocache_copy": "off", "tx_mpls_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]", "tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]", "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on", "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]", "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]", "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]"}, "type": "ether", "pciid": "0000:02:01.0", "module": "e1000", "mtu": 1500, "device": "eth0", "promisc": false, "timestamping": ["tx_software", "rx_software", "software"], "ipv4": {"broadcast": "192.168.56.255", "netmask": "255.255.255.0", "network": "192.168.56.0", "address": "192.168.56.11"}, "ipv6": [{"scope": "link", "prefix": "64", "address": "fe80::20c:29ff:fea0:10ca"}], "active": true, "speed": 1000, "hw_timestamp_filters": []}, "ansible_nodename": "linux-node1.example.com", "ansible_product_name": "VMware Virtual Platform", "ansible_machine": "x86_64", "ansible_system_capabilities": ["cap_chown", "cap_dac_override", "cap_dac_read_search", "cap_fowner", "cap_fsetid", "cap_kill", "cap_setgid", "cap_setuid", "cap_setpcap", "cap_linux_immutable", "cap_net_bind_service", "cap_net_broadcast", "cap_net_admin", "cap_net_raw", "cap_ipc_lock", "cap_ipc_owner", "cap_sys_module", "cap_sys_rawio", "cap_sys_chroot", "cap_sys_ptrace", "cap_sys_pacct", "cap_sys_admin", "cap_sys_boot", "cap_sys_nice", "cap_sys_resource", "cap_sys_time", "cap_sys_tty_config", "cap_mknod", "cap_lease", "cap_audit_write", "cap_audit_control", "cap_setfcap", "cap_mac_override", "cap_mac_admin", "cap_syslog", "35", "36+ep"], "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": ["192.168.56.11"], "ansible_python_version": "2.7.5"}}\r\n', b'Connection to 192.168.56.11 closed.\r\n')
ok: [192.168.56.11]
META: ran handlers TASK [get date] ************************************************************************************************
task path: /etc/ansible/f4.yml:
Using module file /usr/local/lib/python3./dist-packages/ansible-2.4.1.0-py3..egg/ansible/modules/commands/command.py
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'echo ~ && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'/root\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949 `" && echo ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949="` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949 `" ) && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949=/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> PUT /tmp/tmpvtmja2wo TO /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-/command.py
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC sftp -b - -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= '[192.168.56.11]'
<192.168.56.11> (, b'sftp> put /tmp/tmpvtmja2wo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949/command.py\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'chmod u+x /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949/ /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949/command.py && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= -tt 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'/usr/bin/python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949/command.py; rm -rf "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949/" > /dev/null 2>&1 && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'\r\n{"changed": true, "end": "2018-07-12 20:00:58.966945", "stdout": "2018\\u5e74 07\\u6708 12\\u65e5 \\u661f\\u671f\\u56db 20:00:58 CST", "cmd": ["date"], "rc": 0, "start": "2018-07-12 20:00:58.964445", "stderr": "", "delta": "0:00:00.002500", "invocation": {"module_args": {"warn": true, "executable": null, "_uses_shell": false, "_raw_params": "date", "removes": null, "creates": null, "chdir": null, "stdin": null}}}\r\n', b'Connection to 192.168.56.11 closed.\r\n')
changed: [192.168.56.11] => {
"changed": true,
"cmd": [
"date"
],
"delta": "0:00:00.002500",
"end": "2018-07-12 20:00:58.966945",
"failed": false,
"invocation": {
"module_args": {
"_raw_params": "date",
"_uses_shell": false,
"chdir": null,
"creates": null,
"executable": null,
"removes": null,
"stdin": null,
"warn": true
}
},
"rc": ,
"start": "2018-07-12 20:00:58.964445",
"stderr": "",
"stderr_lines": [],
"stdout": "2018年 07月 12日 星期四 20:00:58 CST",
"stdout_lines": [
"2018年 07月 12日 星期四 20:00:58 CST"
]
} TASK [touch file] **********************************************************************************************
task path: /etc/ansible/f4.yml:
Using module file /usr/local/lib/python3./dist-packages/ansible-2.4.1.0-py3..egg/ansible/modules/commands/command.py
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'echo ~ && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'/root\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299 `" && echo ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299="` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299 `" ) && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299=/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> PUT /tmp/tmpo3kyh0pw TO /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-/command.py
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC sftp -b - -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= '[192.168.56.11]'
<192.168.56.11> (, b'sftp> put /tmp/tmpo3kyh0pw /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299/command.py\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'chmod u+x /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299/ /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299/command.py && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= -tt 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'/usr/bin/python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299/command.py; rm -rf "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299/" > /dev/null 2>&1 && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'\r\n{"changed": true, "end": "2018-07-12 20:00:59.818106", "stdout": "", "cmd": "touch /tmp/devops.file", "rc": 0, "start": "2018-07-12 20:00:59.815108", "stderr": "", "delta": "0:00:00.002998", "invocation": {"module_args": {"warn": true, "executable": null, "_uses_shell": true, "_raw_params": "touch /tmp/devops.file", "removes": null, "creates": null, "chdir": null, "stdin": null}}, "warnings": ["Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch"]}\r\n', b'Connection to 192.168.56.11 closed.\r\n')
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] => {
"changed": true,
"cmd": "touch /tmp/devops.file",
"delta": "0:00:00.002998",
"end": "2018-07-12 20:00:59.818106",
"failed": false,
"invocation": {
"module_args": {
"_raw_params": "touch /tmp/devops.file",
"_uses_shell": true,
"chdir": null,
"creates": null,
"executable": null,
"removes": null,
"stdin": null,
"warn": true
}
},
"rc": ,
"start": "2018-07-12 20:00:59.815108",
"stderr": "",
"stderr_lines": [],
"stdout": "",
"stdout_lines": []
} TASK [echo date_output] ****************************************************************************************
task path: /etc/ansible/f4.yml:
Using module file /usr/local/lib/python3./dist-packages/ansible-2.4.1.0-py3..egg/ansible/modules/commands/command.py
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'echo ~ && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'/root\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393 `" && echo ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393="` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393 `" ) && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393=/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> PUT /tmp/tmp__kyifmp TO /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-/command.py
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC sftp -b - -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= '[192.168.56.11]'
<192.168.56.11> (, b'sftp> put /tmp/tmp__kyifmp /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393/command.py\n', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'chmod u+x /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393/ /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393/command.py && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'', b'')
<192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port= -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout= -tt 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'/usr/bin/python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393/command.py; rm -rf "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393/" > /dev/null 2>&1 && sleep 0'"'"''
<192.168.56.11> (, b'\r\n{"changed": true, "end": "2018-07-12 20:01:00.692177", "stdout": "", "cmd": "echo 2018\\u5e74 07\\u6708 12\\u65e5 \\u661f\\u671f\\u56db 20:00:58 CST>/tmp/devops.file", "rc": 0, "start": "2018-07-12 20:01:00.689318", "stderr": "", "delta": "0:00:00.002859", "invocation": {"module_args": {"warn": true, "executable": null, "_uses_shell": true, "_raw_params": "echo 2018\\u5e74 07\\u6708 12\\u65e5 \\u661f\\u671f\\u56db 20:00:58 CST>/tmp/devops.file", "removes": null, "creates": null, "chdir": null, "stdin": null}}}\r\n', b'Connection to 192.168.56.11 closed.\r\n')
changed: [192.168.56.11] => {
"changed": true,
"cmd": "echo 2018年 07月 12日 星期四 20:00:58 CST>/tmp/devops.file",
"delta": "0:00:00.002859",
"end": "2018-07-12 20:01:00.692177",
"failed": false,
"invocation": {
"module_args": {
"_raw_params": "echo 2018年 07月 12日 星期四 20:00:58 CST>/tmp/devops.file",
"_uses_shell": true,
"chdir": null,
"creates": null,
"executable": null,
"removes": null,
"stdin": null,
"warn": true
}
},
"rc": ,
"start": "2018-07-12 20:01:00.689318",
"stderr": "",
"stderr_lines": [],
"stdout": "",
"stdout_lines": []
}
META: ran handlers
META: ran handlers PLAY RECAP *****************************************************************************************************
192.168.56.11 : ok= changed= unreachable= failed= # 到执行服务器上查看文件内容
[root@linux-node1 tmp]# cat devops.file
2018年 07月 12日 星期四 :: CST
示例
基本语句
1、条件语句
- when条件语句
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f6.yml
---
- hosts : 192.168.56.11,192.168.56.131
remote_user : root
tasks:
- name: "touch flag file"
command: "touch /tmp/this_is_{{ansible_distribution}}_system"
when: (ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version == "") or
(ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version == "") # 执行
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f6.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11,192.168.56.131] **************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] *****************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.56.131]
ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [touch flag file] *****************************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11]
changed: [192.168.56.131] PLAY RECAP *****************************************************************************************************
192.168.56.11 : ok= changed= unreachable= failed=
192.168.56.131 : ok= changed= unreachable= failed=
示例
2、循环语句
3、条件循环语句复用
示例：http://www.imooc.com/article/22753
异常处理和相关操作
1、异常处理
- 忽略错误
默认会检查命令和模块的返回状态，遇到错误就中断playbook的执行
加入参数：ignore_errors:yes
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f11.yml
---
- hosts : 192.168.56.11
remote_user : root
tasks :
- name : ignore false
command : /bin/false
ignore_errors: yes
- name : touch a file
file : path=/tmp/test2 state=touch mode= owner=root group=root # 执行
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f11.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] *********************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************
ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [ignore false] ************************************************************
fatal: [192.168.56.11]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": ["/bin/false"], "delta": "0:00:00.006306", "end": "2018-07-13 14:43:58.815566", "failed": true, "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": , "start": "2018-07-13 14:43:58.809260", "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}
...ignoring TASK [touch a file] ************************************************************
changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
192.168.56.11 : ok= changed= unreachable= failed=
示例
- 自定义错误
failed_when自定义错误
- 自定义change状态
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f13.yml
---
- hosts : 192.168.56.11
remote_user : root
tasks :
- name : get process
shell : touch /tmp/change_test
changed_when : false # 执行就没有change状态了
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f13.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] ************************************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] **********************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [get process] **************************************************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch ok: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************************************
192.168.56.11 : ok= changed= unreachable= failed=
示例
tags标签处理
意义：通过tags和任务对象进行捆绑，控制部分或者指定的task执行
- 打标签
对一个对象打一个标签
对一个对象打多个标签
打标签的对象包括：单个task任务、include对象、roles对象等
- 标签使用
-t : 执行指定的tag标签任务
--skip-tags : 执行--skip-tags之外的标签任务 # 示例
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f14.yml
---
- hosts : 192.168.56.11
remote_user : root
tasks :
- name: create file
shell: touch /tmp/file1.txt
tags:
- cfile1
- cfile3
- name: create file
shell : touch /tmp/file2.txt
tags:
- cfile2 # 执行剧本
# 执行剧本，只执行tags为cfile1的任务
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f14.yml -t cfile1 PLAY [192.168.56.11] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] **********************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [create file ] ************************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************
192.168.56.11 : ok= changed= unreachable= failed= # 执行剧本不包含tags为cfile1的任务
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f14.yml --skip-tags cfile1 PLAY [192.168.56.11] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] **********************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [create file ] ************************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************
192.168.56.11 : ok= changed= unreachable= failed=
示例
四、roles角色和场景演练
使用roles
1、include的用法
include_tasks/include: 动态的包含tasks任务列表执行
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat touchfile.yml
---
- name : create file
shell : touch /tmp/file1.txt
tags :
- cfile1
- cfile3
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat touchfile2.yml
---
- name : create file
shell : touch /tmp/file2.txt
tags :
- cfile2 # 把touchfile.yml和touchfile2.yml两个剧本用include_tasks导入
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f15.yml
---
- hosts : 192.168.56.11
remote_user : root
tasks :
- include_tasks : touchfile.yml
- include_tasks : touchfile2.yml # 执行
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f15.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] ******************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ******************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [include_tasks] ********************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/touchfile.yml for 192.168.56.11 TASK [create file ] ********************************************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] TASK [include_tasks] ********************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/touchfile2.yml for 192.168.56.11 TASK [create file ] ********************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************************************************************
192.168.56.11 : ok= changed= unreachable= failed=
示例
2、为什么需要用到roles
- 什么是roles
是一种利用在大型playbook中的剧本配置模式，有这自己特定结构
- 为什么需要用到roles
和面向对象开发思想相似
利用大型的项目任务中，尽可能的将公共的任务、变量等内容独立
3、官方建议的剧本结构
原文：http://www.imooc.com/article/22924
大型项目中ansible playbook官方建议的目录结构
ansible官方网站的建议playbook剧本结构如下：
production # 正式环境的inventory文件
staging #测试环境用得inventory文件
group_vars/ # 机器组的变量文件
group1
group2
host_vars/ #执行机器成员的变量
hostname1
hostname2
================================================
site.yml # 主要的playbook剧本
webservers.yml # webserver类型服务所用的剧本
dbservers.yml # 数据库类型的服务所用的剧本
roles/
webservers/ #webservers这个角色相关任务和自定义变量
tasks/ # 任务存放目录
main.yml # 存放任务信息
handlers/
main.yml
vars/ # 存放变量的目录
main.yml # 存放变量信息
dbservers/ #dbservers这个角色相关任务和定义变量
...
common/ # 公共的
tasks/ #
main.yml #
handlers/ #
main.yml # handlers file.
vars/ # 角色所用到的变量
main.yml #
===============================================
templates/ #
ntp.conf.j2 # 模版文件
files/ # 用于上传存放文件的目录
bar.txt #
foo.sh #
meta/ # 角色的依赖
main.yml #
4、剧本设计思路
剧本roles设计思路一
剧本roles设计思路二
将公共任务、资源、变量等对象尽可能独立
五、场景演练
Nginx工程方式的编译安装
剧本结构
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ tree ./
./
├── ansible.cfg
├── files # 存放上传文件的目录
│ ├── imoocc.html # 测试用的html文件
│ ├── nginx # 系统init中，控制nginx启动脚本
│ └── nginx-1.9..tar.gz # nginx的安装包文件
├── production # 线上的主机配置文件
├── roles # roles角色执行的目录
│ ├── apache # 空目录可以定义不同角色如:apache、Nginx、MySQL等
│ ├── common # 存放公共信息目录
│ │ └── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yaml
│ │ └── vars # 存放一些临时的变量，如：目录服务器(Nginx)压缩包文件存放临时目录，可以把这个临时目录当成变量存放在此目录下
│ │ └── main.yml
│ │
│ ├── handlers
│ ├── meta # 存放不同角色依赖的的目录
│ ├── nginx
│ │ ├── handlers # handlers通过notify触发
│ │ │ └── main.yml # 如：nginx的重启行为
│ │ ├── tasks # 任务存放目录
│ │ │ ├── basic.yml
│ │ │ ├── main.yml
│ │ │ └── nginx.yml
│ │ └── vars
│ │ └── main.yml # 存放nginx相关的变量
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ └── vars
│ └── main.yml
├── staging # 线下测试环境使用的主机配置文件
├── templates # 模版目录(配置、html)
│ └── imoocc_n.conf # nginx的自定义conf文件
├── webserver.retry
└── webserver.yml # web服务相关主执行文件 directories, files