Netty 4的内存管理：sun.misc.Unsafe

2021-08-13 12:59:27

参考

sun.misc.Unsafe的源码

sun.misc.Unsafe的API

Netty4 可以利用Unsafe来提高内存读写性能（作为可选项，如果系统参数io.netty.noUnsafe为true且JDK支持的话）。Unsafe不能直接使用（在java.nio.Bits中是

// -- Unsafe access --

    private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();

假如我们代码中也这样直接使用的话，会抛出异常java.lang.SecurityException: Unsafe)，必须通过反射来得到一个实例。例如io.netty.util.internal.PlatformDependent0中

Unsafe unsafe;
if(addressFiled!=null && cleanerField !=null){
       try{
                Field unsafeField=Unsafe.class.getDelaredField("theUnsafe");
unsafeField.setAccessible(true);
unsafe=(Unsafe) unsafeField.get(null);
......

重新回头看Unsafe源码中的描述,也指明了unsafe是低级别，不安全操作的方法集合

32   /**
   33    * A collection of methods for performing low-level, unsafe operations.
   34    * Although the class and all methods are public, use of this class is
   35    * limited because only trusted code can obtain instances of it.
   36    *
   37    * @author John R. Rose
   38    * @see #getUnsafe
   39    */
   40   
   41   public final class Unsafe {
   42   
   43       private static native void registerNatives();
   44       static {
   45           registerNatives();
   46           sun.reflect.Reflection.registerMethodsToFilter(Unsafe.class, "getUnsafe");
   47       }
   48   
   49       private Unsafe() {}
   50   
   51       private static final Unsafe theUnsafe = new Unsafe();
.......
}

除非我们设置为可信，如在bootclasspath指明将会使用Unsafe

java -xbootclasspath:/usr/jdk/jre/lib/rt.jar:. 使用一个unsafe类的路径

因为可以访问，分配，比较内存等操作，所以在JAVA并发包里也大量使用了Unsafe这个类，比如提供原子操作的AtomicInteger,AtomicBoolean这些类的CAS方法

    /**
     * Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
     * if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
     *
     * @param expect the expected value
     * @param update the new value
     * @return true if successful. False return indicates that
     * the actual value was not equal to the expected value.
     */
    public final boolean compareAndSet(int expect, int update) {
    return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, expect, update);
    }

其2，由于允许直接内存操作，所以其性能也接近C/C++（参考native-cc-like-performance-for-java）

下面代码为使用java序列化、ByteBuffer,Unsafe3种方式操作，

import sun.misc.Unsafe;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Arrays;
 
public final class TestSerialisationPerf
{
    public static final int REPETITIONS = 1 * 1000 * 1000;
 
    private static ObjectToBeSerialised ITEM =
        new ObjectToBeSerialised(
            1010L, true, 777, 99,
            new double[]{0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0},
            new long[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10});
 
 
    public static void main(final String[] arg) throws Exception
    {
        for (final PerformanceTestCase testCase : testCases)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            {
                testCase.performTest();
 
                System.out.format("%d %s\twrite=%,dns read=%,dns total=%,dns\n",
                                  i,
                                  testCase.getName(),
                                  testCase.getWriteTimeNanos(),
                                  testCase.getReadTimeNanos(),
                                  testCase.getWriteTimeNanos() + 
                                  testCase.getReadTimeNanos());
 
                if (!ITEM.equals(testCase.getTestOutput()))
                {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Objects do not match");
                }
 
                System.gc();
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            }
        }
    }
 
    private static final PerformanceTestCase[] testCases =
    {
        new PerformanceTestCase("Serialisation", REPETITIONS, ITEM)
        {
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
 
            public void testWrite(ObjectToBeSerialised item) throws Exception
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < REPETITIONS; i++)
                {
                    baos.reset();
 
                    ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
                    oos.writeObject(item);
                    oos.close();
                }
            }
 
            public ObjectToBeSerialised testRead() throws Exception
            {
                ObjectToBeSerialised object = null;
                for (int i = 0; i < REPETITIONS; i++)
                {
                    ByteArrayInputStream bais = 
                        new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
                    ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
                    object = (ObjectToBeSerialised)ois.readObject();
                }
 
                return object;
            }
        },
 
        new PerformanceTestCase("ByteBuffer", REPETITIONS, ITEM)
        {
            ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
 
            public void testWrite(ObjectToBeSerialised item) throws Exception
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < REPETITIONS; i++)
                {
                    byteBuffer.clear();
                    item.write(byteBuffer);
                }
            }
 
            public ObjectToBeSerialised testRead() throws Exception
            {
                ObjectToBeSerialised object = null;
                for (int i = 0; i < REPETITIONS; i++)
                {
                    byteBuffer.flip();
                    object = ObjectToBeSerialised.read(byteBuffer);
                }
 
                return object;
            }
        },
 
        new PerformanceTestCase("UnsafeMemory", REPETITIONS, ITEM)
        {
            UnsafeMemory buffer = new UnsafeMemory(new byte[1024]);
 
            public void testWrite(ObjectToBeSerialised item) throws Exception
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < REPETITIONS; i++)
                {
                    buffer.reset();
                    item.write(buffer);
                }
            }
 
            public ObjectToBeSerialised testRead() throws Exception
            {
                ObjectToBeSerialised object = null;
                for (int i = 0; i < REPETITIONS; i++)
                {
                    buffer.reset();
                    object = ObjectToBeSerialised.read(buffer);
                }
 
                return object;
            }
        },
    };
}
 
abstract class PerformanceTestCase
{
    private final String name;
    private final int repetitions;
    private final ObjectToBeSerialised testInput;
    private ObjectToBeSerialised testOutput;
    private long writeTimeNanos;
    private long readTimeNanos;
 
    public PerformanceTestCase(final String name, final int repetitions,
                               final ObjectToBeSerialised testInput)
    {
        this.name = name;
        this.repetitions = repetitions;
        this.testInput = testInput;
    }
 
    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }
 
    public ObjectToBeSerialised getTestOutput()
    {
        return testOutput;
    }
 
    public long getWriteTimeNanos()
    {
        return writeTimeNanos;
    }
 
    public long getReadTimeNanos()
    {
        return readTimeNanos;
    }
 
    public void performTest() throws Exception
    {
        final long startWriteNanos = System.nanoTime();
        testWrite(testInput);
        writeTimeNanos = (System.nanoTime() - startWriteNanos) / repetitions;
 
        final long startReadNanos = System.nanoTime();
        testOutput = testRead();
        readTimeNanos = (System.nanoTime() - startReadNanos) / repetitions;
    }
 
    public abstract void testWrite(ObjectToBeSerialised item) throws Exception;
    public abstract ObjectToBeSerialised testRead() throws Exception;
}
 
class ObjectToBeSerialised implements Serializable
{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 10275539472837495L;
 
    private final long sourceId;
    private final boolean special;
    private final int orderCode;
    private final int priority;
    private final double[] prices;
    private final long[] quantities;
 
    public ObjectToBeSerialised(final long sourceId, final boolean special,
                                final int orderCode, final int priority,
                                final double[] prices, final long[] quantities)
    {
        this.sourceId = sourceId;
        this.special = special;
        this.orderCode = orderCode;
        this.priority = priority;
        this.prices = prices;
        this.quantities = quantities;
    }
 
    public void write(final ByteBuffer byteBuffer)
    {
        byteBuffer.putLong(sourceId);
        byteBuffer.put((byte)(special ? 1 : 0));
        byteBuffer.putInt(orderCode);
        byteBuffer.putInt(priority);
 
        byteBuffer.putInt(prices.length);
        for (final double price : prices)
        {
            byteBuffer.putDouble(price);
        }
 
        byteBuffer.putInt(quantities.length);
        for (final long quantity : quantities)
        {
            byteBuffer.putLong(quantity);
        }
    }
 
    public static ObjectToBeSerialised read(final ByteBuffer byteBuffer)
    {
        final long sourceId = byteBuffer.getLong();
        final boolean special = 0 != byteBuffer.get();
        final int orderCode = byteBuffer.getInt();
        final int priority = byteBuffer.getInt();
 
        final int pricesSize = byteBuffer.getInt();
        final double[] prices = new double[pricesSize];
        for (int i = 0; i < pricesSize; i++)
        {
            prices[i] = byteBuffer.getDouble();
        }
 
        final int quantitiesSize = byteBuffer.getInt();
        final long[] quantities = new long[quantitiesSize];
        for (int i = 0; i < quantitiesSize; i++)
        {
            quantities[i] = byteBuffer.getLong();
        }
 
        return new ObjectToBeSerialised(sourceId, special, orderCode, 
                                        priority, prices, quantities);
    }
 
    public void write(final UnsafeMemory buffer)
    {
        buffer.putLong(sourceId);
        buffer.putBoolean(special);
        buffer.putInt(orderCode);
        buffer.putInt(priority);
        buffer.putDoubleArray(prices);
        buffer.putLongArray(quantities);
    }
 
    public static ObjectToBeSerialised read(final UnsafeMemory buffer)
    {
        final long sourceId = buffer.getLong();
        final boolean special = buffer.getBoolean();
        final int orderCode = buffer.getInt();
        final int priority = buffer.getInt();
        final double[] prices = buffer.getDoubleArray();
        final long[] quantities = buffer.getLongArray();
 
        return new ObjectToBeSerialised(sourceId, special, orderCode, 
                                        priority, prices, quantities);
    }
 
    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object o)
    {
        if (this == o)
        {
            return true;
        }
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
        {
            return false;
        }
 
        final ObjectToBeSerialised that = (ObjectToBeSerialised)o;
 
        if (orderCode != that.orderCode)
        {
            return false;
        }
        if (priority != that.priority)
        {
            return false;
        }
        if (sourceId != that.sourceId)
        {
            return false;
        }
        if (special != that.special)
        {
            return false;
        }
        if (!Arrays.equals(prices, that.prices))
        {
            return false;
        }
        if (!Arrays.equals(quantities, that.quantities))
        {
            return false;
        }
 
        return true;
    }
}
 
class UnsafeMemory
{
    private static final Unsafe unsafe;
    static
    {
        try
        {
            Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
            field.setAccessible(true);
            unsafe = (Unsafe)field.get(null);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
 
    private static final long byteArrayOffset = unsafe.arrayBaseOffset(byte[].class);
    private static final long longArrayOffset = unsafe.arrayBaseOffset(long[].class);
    private static final long doubleArrayOffset = unsafe.arrayBaseOffset(double[].class);
 
    private static final int SIZE_OF_BOOLEAN = 1;
    private static final int SIZE_OF_INT = 4;
    private static final int SIZE_OF_LONG = 8;
 
    private int pos = 0;
    private final byte[] buffer;
 
    public UnsafeMemory(final byte[] buffer)
    {
        if (null == buffer)
        {
            throw new NullPointerException("buffer cannot be null");
        }
 
        this.buffer = buffer;
    }
 
    public void reset()
    {
        this.pos = 0;
    }
 
    public void putBoolean(final boolean value)
    {
        unsafe.putBoolean(buffer, byteArrayOffset + pos, value);
        pos += SIZE_OF_BOOLEAN;
    }
 
    public boolean getBoolean()
    {
        boolean value = unsafe.getBoolean(buffer, byteArrayOffset + pos);
        pos += SIZE_OF_BOOLEAN;
 
        return value;
    }
 
    public void putInt(final int value)
    {
        unsafe.putInt(buffer, byteArrayOffset + pos, value);
        pos += SIZE_OF_INT;
    }
 
    public int getInt()
    {
        int value = unsafe.getInt(buffer, byteArrayOffset + pos);
        pos += SIZE_OF_INT;
 
        return value;
    }
 
    public void putLong(final long value)
    {
        unsafe.putLong(buffer, byteArrayOffset + pos, value);
        pos += SIZE_OF_LONG;
    }
 
    public long getLong()
    {
        long value = unsafe.getLong(buffer, byteArrayOffset + pos);
        pos += SIZE_OF_LONG;
 
        return value;
    }
 
    public void putLongArray(final long[] values)
    {
        putInt(values.length);
 
        long bytesToCopy = values.length << 3;
        unsafe.copyMemory(values, longArrayOffset,
                          buffer, byteArrayOffset + pos,
                          bytesToCopy);
        pos += bytesToCopy;
    }
 
    public long[] getLongArray()
    {
        int arraySize = getInt();
        long[] values = new long[arraySize];
 
        long bytesToCopy = values.length << 3;
        unsafe.copyMemory(buffer, byteArrayOffset + pos,
                          values, longArrayOffset,
                          bytesToCopy);
        pos += bytesToCopy;
 
        return values;
    }
 
    public void putDoubleArray(final double[] values)
    {
        putInt(values.length);
 
        long bytesToCopy = values.length << 3;
        unsafe.copyMemory(values, doubleArrayOffset,
                          buffer, byteArrayOffset + pos,
                          bytesToCopy);
        pos += bytesToCopy;
    }
 
    public double[] getDoubleArray()
    {
        int arraySize = getInt();
        double[] values = new double[arraySize];
 
        long bytesToCopy = values.length << 3;
        unsafe.copyMemory(buffer, byteArrayOffset + pos,
                          values, doubleArrayOffset,
                          bytesToCopy);
        pos += bytesToCopy;
 
        return values;
    }
}

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Netty 4的内存管理：sun.misc.Unsafe

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