实验7：基于REST API的SDN北向应用实践

2023-11-25 21:25:52

一、实验目的

1.能够编写程序调用OpenDaylight REST API实现特定网络功能；
2.能够编写程序调用Ryu REST API实现特定网络功能。

二、实验环境

1.下载虚拟机软件Oracle VisualBox或VMware；
2.在虚拟机中安装Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop amd64，并完整安装Mininet、OpenDaylight（Carbon版本）、Postman和Ryu；

三、实验要求

1.OpenDaylight

（1）利用Mininet平台搭建下图所示网络拓扑，并连接OpenDaylight；

创建拓扑

sudo mn --topo=single,3 --mac --controller=remote,ip=127.0.0.1,port=6633 --switch ovsk,protocols=OpenFlow13

（2）编写Python程序，调用OpenDaylight的北向接口下发指令删除s1上的流表数据。

delete.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

def http_delete(url):
    url= url
    headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json'}
    resp = requests.delete(url, headers=headers, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    return resp 

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/'
    resp = http_delete(url)
    print(resp.content)

运行结果

（3）编写Python程序，调用OpenDaylight的北向接口下发硬超时流表，实现拓扑内主机h1和h3网络中断20s。

odl2.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/1'
    with open("./flowtable1.json") as f:
        jstr = f.read()
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    res = requests.put(url, jstr, headers=headers, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    print (res.content)

flowtable1.json

{
    "flow": [
        {
            "id": "1",
            "match": {
                "in-port": "1",
                "ethernet-match": {
                    "ethernet-type": {
                        "type": "0x0800"
                    }
                },
                "ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.3/32"
            },
            "instructions": {
                "instruction": [
                    {
                        "order": "0",
                        "apply-actions": {
                            "action": [
                                {
                                    "order": "0",
                                    "drop-action": {}
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                ]
            },
            "flow-name": "flow1",
            "priority": "65535",
            "hard-timeout": "20",
            "cookie": "2",
            "table_id": "0"
        }
    ]
}

运行结果

（4）编写Python程序，调用OpenDaylight的北向接口获取s1上活动的流表数。

get.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/operational/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/opendaylight-flow-table-statistics:flow-table-statistics'
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    res = requests.get(url,headers=headers, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    print (res.content)

运行结果

2.Ryu

（1）编写Python程序，调用Ryu的北向接口，实现上述OpenDaylight实验拓扑上相同的硬超时流表下发。

ryu1.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/stats/flowentry/add'
    with open("./flowtable2.json") as f:
        jstr = f.read()
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    res = requests.post(url, jstr, headers=headers)
    print (res.content)

flowtable2.json

{
    "dpid": 1,
    "cookie": 1,
    "cookie_mask": 1,
    "table_id": 0,
    "hard_timeout": 20,
    "priority": 65535,
    "flags": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port":1
    },
    "actions":[

    ]
 }

运行结果

（2）利用Mininet平台搭建下图所示网络拓扑，要求支持OpenFlow 1.3协议，主机名、交换机名以及端口对应正确。拓扑生成后需连接Ryu，且Ryu应能够提供REST API服务。

拓扑代码

#!/usr/bin/env python
from mininet.topo import Topo

class MyTopo(Topo):
    def __init__(self):
        # initilaize topology
        Topo.__init__(self)

        self.addSwitch("s1")
        self.addSwitch("s2")

        self.addHost("h1")
        self.addHost("h2")
        self.addHost("h3")
        self.addHost("h4")

        self.addLink("s1", "h1")
        self.addLink("s1", "h2")
        self.addLink("s2", "h3")
        self.addLink("s2", "h4")
        self.addLink("s1", "s2")

topos = {'mytopo': (lambda: MyTopo())}

创建拓扑

（3）整理一个Shell脚本，参考Ryu REST API的文档，利用curl命令，实现和实验2相同的VLAN。

VLAN_ID	Hosts
0	h1 h3
1	h2 h4

删除流表

curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/clear/1
curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/clear/2

shell脚本

curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",     # Set VLAN ID
            "value": 4096            # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 2
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",     # Set VLAN ID
            "value": 4097            # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 0
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 1
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 2
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",     # Set VLAN ID
            "value": 4096            # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 2
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",     # Set VLAN ID
            "value": 4097            # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 0
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 1
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 2
        }
    ]
 }' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

运行结果

四、实验心得

实验难度很难。这次实验相比之前的实验，用到的工具比较多。之前的实验在使用工具的过程中，都会出现一些问题，加上自己本身不够熟悉它们，各种知识缺这缺那，操作起来思想很乱，甚至忘了ODL怎么打开了，前期花了不少时间看之前的博客才了解一些。在python代码上，自己实在不懂，都是借鉴其他同学的代码，这是我做的不好的地方。总体来说，本次实验学会了odl和ryu的编程下发流表，查看流表，删除流表等操作，为接下来的sdn大作业提供了一些新的理解和帮助。

码农公寓

一、实验目的

二、实验环境

三、实验要求

1.OpenDaylight

（1） 利用Mininet平台搭建下图所示网络拓扑，并连接OpenDaylight；

（2） 编写Python程序，调用OpenDaylight的北向接口下发指令删除s1上的流表数据。

（3） 编写Python程序，调用OpenDaylight的北向接口下发硬超时流表，实现拓扑内主机h1和h3网络中断20s。

（4） 编写Python程序，调用OpenDaylight的北向接口获取s1上活动的流表数。

2.Ryu

（1） 编写Python程序，调用Ryu的北向接口，实现上述OpenDaylight实验拓扑上相同的硬超时流表下发。

（2） 利用Mininet平台搭建下图所示网络拓扑，要求支持OpenFlow 1.3协议，主机名、交换机名以及端口对应正确。拓扑生成后需连接Ryu，且Ryu应能够提供REST API服务。

（3） 整理一个Shell脚本，参考Ryu REST API的文档，利用curl命令，实现和实验2相同的VLAN。