python Linux 环境 （版本隔离工具）

首先新建用户，养成良好习惯useradd python

1、安装pyenv

GitHub官网：https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer

pyenv installer

This tool installs pyenv and friends. It is inspired by rbenv-installer.

Prerequisites

In general, compiling your own Python interpreter requires the installation of the appropriate libraries and packages. The installation wiki provides a list of these for common operating systems.

Install:

$ curl https://pyenv.run | bash

pyenv.run redirects to the install script in this repository and the invocation above is equivalent to:

$ curl -L https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/raw/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash

Restart your shell so the path changes take effect:

You can now begin using pyenv.

Update:

$ pyenv update

Uninstall: pyenv is installed within $PYENV_ROOT (default: ~/.pyenv). To uninstall, just remove it:

$ rm -fr ~/.pyenv

and remove these three lines from .bashrc:

export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

If you need, export USE_GIT_URI to use git:// instead of https:// for git clone.

Travis itself uses pyenv and therefore PYENV_ROOT is set already. To make it work anyway the installation for pyenv-installer needs to look like this:

[...]
- unset PYENV_ROOT
- curl -L https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/raw/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash
- export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
- pyenv install 3.5.2

The project on github contains a setup for vagrant to test the installer inside a vagrant managed virtual image.

If you don't know vagrant yet: just install the latest package, open a shell in this project directory and say

$ vagrant up
$ vagrant ssh

Now you are inside the vagrant container and your prompt should like something like vagrant@vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64:~$

The project (this repository) is mapped into the vagrant image at /vagrant

$ cd /vagrant
$ python setup.py install
$ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bashrc

Pyenv should be installed and responding now.

20190111

• Remove experimental PyPi support and replace with a dummy package.

• Initial release on PyPi.

• Initial public release.

MIT - see License file.

2、安装python

查看python可用版本

pyenv install -l

在线安装

[python@zhangyi-centos7 ~]$ pyenv install 3.5.4
Downloading Python-3.5.4.tar.xz...-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.4/Python-3.5.4.tar.xz

离线安装

到官网下载 对应版本源码

https://www.python.org/downloads/source/

两个包都下载好

Python-x.x.x.tar.xz

Python-x.x.x.tgz

放入用户目录下的~/.pyenv/cache文件夹

新建文件夹

makedir -r ~/.pyenv/cache

3、3.7版本依赖问题:

3.7版本需要一个新的包libffi-devel，安装此包之后再次进行编译安装即可。

#yum install libffi-devel -y
#make install

若在安装前移除了/usr/bin下python的文件链接依赖，此时yum无法正常使用，需要自己下载相关软件包安装，为节省读者时间，放上链接

#wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libffi-devel-3.0.13-18.el7.x86_64.rpm
#rpm -ivh libffi-devel-3.0.13-18.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装完成后重新进行make install，结束后再次配置相关文件的软连接即可。

4、使用 pyenv 进行版本隔离

查看已安装的python版本

5、把用户目录下的环境设置成新安装的python版本

pyenv local 3.7.4

6、增加虚拟环境

增加名为zhangyi的虚拟环境

pyenv virtualenv zhangyi

查看虚拟环境

7、安装ipython

切换pip源

参考博客：https://blog.csdn.net/u011220960/article/details/81512435

Linux系统：

mkdir ~/.pip
cat > ~/.pip/pip.conf << EOF
[global]trusted-host=[mirrors.aliyun.com](http://mirrors.aliyun.com/)index-url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
EOF
pip install ipython

8、安装jupyter

pip install jupyter

启动jupyter初始化密码

jupyter notebook passwd

指定jupyter 启动绑定的ip

jupyter notebook --ip=0.0.0.0

浏览器访问jupyter

http://192.168.131.32:8888

9、Python 虚拟环境包导出

导出包配置文件

pip freeze > requirement

导入包配置文件

pip -r requirement